INTERIM REPORT ON NEW EMISSION FACTORS FOR ONSHORE OIL AND GAS FACILITIES DEVELOPED THROUGH A RE-EXAMINATION OF THE ROCKWELL FIELD DATA VOLUME 1 (VOLUME 1)
"INTRODUCTION In 1980 the American Petroleum Institute published a report entitled ""Fugitive Hydrocarbon Emissions From Petroleum Production Operations@ Volumes I and II. "" Rockwell surveyed a total of 173@609 components finding 8@466 leaks@ 1@914 of which were then@ measured to determine flow rate and stream composition. Approximately 160 emission factors were developed for each of three types of sites: 1) Onshore production@ 2) Offshore production@ and 3) Gas plants. The factors gave average emission rates for installed components according to type@ style@ and use. Two years later@ Radian Corporation@ Combined new data from limited testing at four gas plants with the Rockwell gas plant data (two sites) to produce new emission factors for gas plants. In 1986@ Tecolote Research Inc. used some of the data published in the Rockwell report to create equations for predicting fugitive hydrocarbon emissions from oil and gas production sites. Both the Radian study (6@585 components screened@ 212 leaks sampled) and the Tecolote efforts (no components screened or sampled) were small compared to the Rockwell study (173@609 components screened; 1@914 leaks sampled). Rockwell's study is the most extensive collection of fugitive hydrocarbon emissions data from petroleum production facilities to date. Clean air legislation and congressional activity in the areas of air toxics@ ozone non-attainment@ acid rain@ and global warming during the years since the Rockwell study have prompted API to conduct a review of the original field data with the intent of preparing a set of emission factors that more accurately reflect the condition of petroleum facilities in the 1990's. This report addresses fugitive hydrocarbon emissions from onshore oil and gas facilities. Section 2 describes the Rockwell study and subsequent activities by other investigators; Section 3 is a re-examination of the Rockwell data; Section 4 contains new emission factors; Section 5 describes the activities used to develop emission correlation equations which can be used to calculate fugitive emissions from instrument screening values; section 6 contains a comparison of emission factors and emission correlation equations for oil production sites@ gas Production sites@ and gas plants; Section 7 contains a method for determining the effectiveness of inspection and maintenance programs."