Overview: This Handbook provides recommendations for conducting National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) studies for projects involving toll lanes and toll roads. It covers issues associated with the NEPA process itself@ as well as a range of related issues@ such as developing tolling policies in the transportation planning process and coordinating NEPA studies with a competitive procurement for a public-private partnership. Tolling has received increased attention in recent years as a method for addressing transportation needs. This trend has resulted from many factors@ including the expanded availability of electronic toll collection; the inadequacy of traditional funding sources for transportation projects; the removal of certain legal restrictions on tolling under federal law; and the success of toll projects both in the United States and around the world. Recent legislation??the Safe@ Accountable@ Flexible@ and Effi cient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU)??seems likely to accelerate the trend toward tolling@ by creating new programs that allow for the development of toll lanes and toll roads. For NEPA practitioners@ the consideration of tolled alternatives presents a range of new issues to consider. This Handbook provides an overview of the key issues and offers suggestions for consideration in preparing a NEPA study for a project that includes tolled alternatives. It is important to bear in mind that approaches to these issues are rapidly evolving; decisions for each study must be made on a case-by-case basis by the agencies involved@ and may be different from the approaches suggested in this Handbook.