Data are provided for the design of helical springs@ presented wherever possible in graphical form. Compression spring end forms and tension spring hooks are described with their effect on solid length characteristics@ load/deflection behaviour@ etc. The stresses induced under axial@ transverse or dynamic loading may be determined and damping data are provided for springs that are surging. Buckling characteristics are presented for various end constraint conditions and for both pivoted and non-pivoted seatings. Helix warping and diameter increase under compression are also covered. Comprehensive worked examples of compression and tension spring design are presented.