ASTM E2677-14
测定爆炸物追踪检测器检测限制的标准试验方法
Standard Test Method for Determining Limits of Detection in Explosive Trace Detectors
ASTM E2677-14 发布历史
ASTM E2677-14由美国材料与试验协会 US-ASTM 发布于 2014。
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ASTM E2677-14 发布之时，引用了标准
- ASTM D6091 用可忽略校准误差的分析方法对99%95%试验室间检测评估的标准操作规程
- ASTM E1154 活塞或柱塞操作的容量测量装置用标准规范
- ASTM E1323 实验室测量规程的评估和结果数据的统计分析
- ASTM E177 进行室外噪声测量的测量方案的拟定用标准指南
- ASTM E200 化学分析用试剂溶液的制备、标准化和贮存的标准操作规程
- ASTM E2520 对微量易爆化学品检测器性能进行测量和评分的标准实践规程*， 2023-07-06 更新
- ASTM E2655 ASTM测试方法中报告测试结果不确定性和使用术语测量不确定度的标准指南
- ASTM E288 实验室玻璃容量瓶的标准规范
- ASTM E456 统计学名词及相关术语
- ASTM E542 实验室容量仪器重量校准的标准实施规程
- ASTM E691 为测定试验方法精密度开展的实验室间的研究
- ASTM E969 玻璃体积（转移）管道的标准规格
* 在 ASTM E2677-14 发布之后有更新，请注意新发布标准的变化。
ASTM E2677-14的历代版本如下：
- 2020年 ASTM E2677-20 估算感兴趣的爆炸物和药物用痕量探测器探测极限的标准试验方法
- 2014年 ASTM E2677-14 测定爆炸物追踪检测器检测限制的标准试验方法
5.1 ETDs are used by first responders, security screeners, the military, and law enforcement to detect and identify explosive threats quickly. ETDs typically operate by detecting chemical agents in residues and particles sampled from surfaces and can have detection limits for some compounds extending below 1 ng. An ETD is set to alarm when its response to any target analyte exceeds a programmed threshold level for that analyte. Factory settings of such levels typically balance sensitivity and selectivity assuming standard operating and deployment conditions.
5.2 A LOD is commonly accepted as the smallest amount of a particular substance that can be reliably detected in a given type of medium by a specific measurement process (2, 3). The analytical signal from this amount shall be high enough above ambient background variation to give statistical confidence that the signal is real. Methods for determining nominal LOD values are well known (for example, Hubaux and Vos (7) and Practice D6091), but pitfalls exist in specific applications. Vendors of ETDs often report detection limits for only a single compound without defining the meaning of terms or reference to the method of determination.
Note 1—There are several different “detection limits” that can be determined for analytical procedures. These include the minimum detectable value, the instrument detection limit, the method detection limit, the limit of recognition, and the limit of quantitation. Even when the same terminology is used, there can be differences in the LOD according to nuances in the definition used, the assumed response model, and the type of noise contributing to the measurement.5.3 When deployed, individual ETD performance (for example, realistic LODs) is influenced by: (1) ETD manufacturing differences, history, and maintenance; (2) ETD operating configurations (for example, thermal desorption temperature, analyzer temperature, and type of swab); and (3) environmental conditions (for example, ambient humidity and temperature and chemical background). As a result, realistic LOD values for an ETD may be poorly estimated by the factory specifications. These fundamental measures of ETD performance are critically important for assessing the ability of an ETD to detect trace levels of particular compounds in a particular setting, so a reliable and accessible method is needed to determine realistic LOD values, especially in the field.
5.4 Technical Challenges and Pitfalls to the Determination of LOD Values in ETDs and the Setting of Optimal Alarm Thresholds:
5.4.1 Scope—There are over 230 explosive materials currently listed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.4 There are many technologies used for detection, and ETD manufacturers design their systems and balance operating conditions to provide detection capabilities across as many analytes as possible. However, a very limited subset of analytes is normally used to test and verify ETD performance. Therefore, default ETD operating conditions and alarm thresholds may not be optimally set to detect reliably certain compounds deemed important in particular scenarios.
- 标准号
- ASTM E2677-14
- 发布
- 2014年
- 发布单位
- 美国材料与试验协会
- 替代标准
- ASTM E2677-20
- 当前最新
- ASTM E2677-20
- 引用标准
- ASTM D6091 ASTM E1154 ASTM E1323 ASTM E177 ASTM E200 ASTM E2520 ASTM E2655 ASTM E288 ASTM E456 ASTM E542 ASTM E691 ASTM E969