Besides wind direction, wind speed, temperature, and air humidity at ground level, the dispersion of ambient air depends on the change of these parameters with increasing height above ground (vertical wind-, temperature, or humidity profile and vertical temperature and humidity gradient). The thickness of the vertical region depends on the corresponding task. Aim of aerological measurements is to determine the vertical structure of the measurement parameters at a fixed location for a certain time. In general aerological measurements are used for questions of air pollution at heights up to 3000 m above ground. For investigations of the global transport of air pollution (e.g. radioactivity, volcano dust) measurements into the stratosphere may be necessary.