Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic fungal metabolite classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). JECFA established a PTWI of 100ng/kg bodyweight for OTA. In recognition of this global concern, FAO developed the Guidelines for the Prevention of Mould Formation in Coffee (2006) as a strategy to enable coffee producing countries to develop and implement their own national programmes for the prevention and reduction of OTA contamination. OTA is produced by a few species in the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. In coffee, only Aspergillus species, specifically A. ochraceus and related species (A. westerdijkiae and A. steynii), A. niger and related species, and A. carbonarius are involved. OTA is produced when conditions of water activity, nutrition and temperature required for growth and biosynthesis are present.