13.060.01 (Water quality in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM F2534-12 水中漏油厚度视觉估计的标准指南

Estimations of oil slick thickness are useful for: Estimating amount (volume) of oil in an area, Positioning oil spill countermeasures in optimal locations, Evaluating a spill situation, Estimating volume for legal or prosecution purposes, such as for an illegal discharge, and Developing spill control strategies. This guide is only applicable to thin sheens (sheen and rainbow sheen up to about 3 μm). Thick oil and water-in-oil emulsions do not show visual differences with respect to thickness (1, 2). 1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for estimating the thickness of oil on water using only visual clues. 1.2 This guide applies to oil-on-water and does not pertain to oil on land or other surfaces. 1.3 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water conditions. 1.4 The thickness values obtained using this guide are at best estimates because the appearance of oil on water may be affected by a number of factors including oil type, sea state, visibility conditions, and weather. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Visually Estimating Oil Spill Thickness on Water

ASTM F2534-06 水中漏油厚度视觉估计的标准指南

Estimations of oil slick thickness are useful for: 3.1.1 Estimating amount (volume) of oil in an area, 3.1.2 Positioning oil spill countermeasures in optimal locations, 3.1.3 Evaluating a spill situation, 3.1.4 Estimating volume for legal or prosecution purposes, such as for an illegal discharge, and 3.1.5 Developing spill control strategies.1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for estimating the thickness of oil on water using only visual clues.1.2 This guide applies to oil-on-water and does not pertain to oil on land or other surfaces.1.3 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water conditions.1.4 The thickness values obtained using this guide are at best estimates because the appearance of oil on water may be affected by a number of factors including oil type, sea state, visibility conditions, and weather.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Visually Estimating Oil Spill Thickness on Water

ASTM D6908-06 水过滤膜系统的完整性测试的标准实施规程

The integrity test methods described are used to determine the integrity of membrane systems, and are applicable to systems containing membrane module configurations of both hollow fiber and flat sheet; such as, spiral-wound configuration. In all cases the practices apply to membranes in the RO, NF, and UF membrane classes. However, the TOC and Dye Test practices do not apply to membranes in the MF range or the upper end of the UF pore size range (0.01 μm and larger pore sizes) due to insignificant or inconsistent removal of TOC material by these membranes. These methods may be used to identify relative changes in the integrity of a system, or used in conjunction with the equations described in 9.4, to provide a means of estimating the integrity in terms of log reduction value. For critical applications, estimated log reductions using these equations should be confirmed by experiment for the particular membrane and system configuration used. The ability of the methods to detect any given defect is affected by the size of the system or portion of the system tested. Selecting smaller portions of the system to test will increase the sensitivity of the test to defects. When determining the size that can be tested as a discrete unit, use the guidelines supplied by the system manufacturer or the general guidelines provided in this standard. The applicability of the tests is largely independent of system size when measured in terms of the impact of defects on the treated water quality (that is, the system LRV). This is because the bypass flow from any given defect is diluted in proportion to the systems total flowrate. For example, a 10-module system with a single defect will produce the same water quality as a 100-module system with ten of the same size defects.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the integrity of water filtration membrane elements and systems using air based tests (pressure decay and vacuum hold), soluble dye, continuous monitoring particulate light scatter techniques, and TOC monitoring tests for the purpose of rejecting particles and microbes. The tests are applicable to systems with membranes that have a nominal pore size less than about 1 m. The TOC, and Dye, tests are generally applicable to NF and RO class membranes only.1.2 This practice does not purport to cover all available methods of integrity testing.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems

ASTM D6908-03 水过滤膜系统的完整性测试的实施规程

1.1 This standard covers the determination of the integrity of water filtration membrane elements and systems using air based tests (pressure decay and vacuum hold), soluble dye, and TOC monitoring tests for the purpose of rejecting particles and microbes. The tests are applicable to systems with membranes that have a nominal pore size less than about 1 m. The TOC and Dye tests are generally applicable to NF and RO class membranes only.1.2 This standard does not purport to cover all available methods of integrity testing.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems