71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D3649-06 水的高分辩率γ射线光谱测定法的标准实施规范

Gamma-ray spectrometry is of use in identifying radionuclides and in making quantitative measurements. Use of a semiconductor detector is necessary for high-resolution measurements. Variation of the physical geometry of the sample and its relationship with the detector will produce both qualitative and quantitative variations in the gamma-ray spectrum. To adequately account for these geometry effects, calibrations are designed to duplicate all conditions including source-to-detector distance, sample shape and size, and sample matrix encountered when samples are measured. Since some spectrometry systems are calibrated at many discrete distances from the detector, a wide range of activity levels can be measured on the same detector. For high-level samples, extremely low-efficiency geometries may be used. Quantitative measurements can be made accurately and precisely when high activity level samples are placed at distances of 10 cm or more from the detector. Electronic problems, such as erroneous deadtime correction, loss of resolution, and random summing, may be avoided by keeping the gross count rate below 2000 counts per second (s–1) and also keeping the deadtime of the analyzer below 5 %. Total counting time is governed by the radioactivity of the sample, the detector to source distance and the acceptable Poisson counting uncertainty.1.1 This practice covers the measurement of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in water by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. It is applicable to nuclides emitting gamma-rays with energies greater than 45 keV. For typical counting systems and sample types, activity levels of about 40 Bq are easily measured and sensitivities as low as 0.4 Bq are found for many nuclides. Count rates in excess of 2000 counts per second should be avoided because of electronic limitations. High count rate samples can be accommodated by dilution, by increasing the sample to detector distance, or by using digital signal processors.1.2 This practice can be used for either quantitative or relative determinations. In relative counting work, the results may be expressed by comparison with an initial concentration of a given nuclide which is taken as 100 %. For quantitative measurements, the results may be expressed in terms of known nuclidic standards for the radionuclides known to be present. This practice can also be used just for the identification of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in a sample without quantifying them. General information on radioactivity and the measurement of radiation has been published (1,2). Information on specific application of gamma spectrometry is also available in the literature (3-5). See also the referenced ASTM Standards in 2.1 and the related material section at the end of this standard.This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitation prior to use.

Standard Practice for High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water

ASTM D6569-05 pH1在线测量用标准试验方法

pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion activity in water. It is a major parameter affecting the corrosivity and scaling properties of water, biological life in water and many applications of chemical process control. It is therefore important in water purification, use and waste treatment before release to the environment. On-line pH measurement is preferred over laboratory measurement to obtain real time, continuous values for automatic control and monitoring purposes.1.1 This test method covers the continuous determination of pH of water by electrometric measurement using the glass, the antimony or the ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) electrode as the sensor.1.2 This test method does not cover measurement of samples with less than 100 S/cm conductivity. Refer to Test Method D 5128.1.3 This test method does not cover laboratory or grab sample measurement of pH. Refer to Test Method D 1293.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of pH¹

ASTM D7169-05 用高温气相色谱法测定带有类似原油和大气以及真空残留物的样品的沸点分布的标准试验方法

The determination of the boiling point distribution of crude oils and vacuum residues, as well as other petroleum fractions, yields important information for refinery operation. These boiling point distributions provide information as to the potential mass percent yield of products. This test method may provide useful information that can aid in establishing operational conditions in the refinery. Knowledge of the amount of residue produced is important in determining the economics of the refining process.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling point distribution and cut point intervals of crude oils and residues by using high temperature gas chromatography. The amount of residue (or sample recovery) is determined using an external standard.1.2 This test method extends the applicability of simulated distillation to samples that do not elute completely from the chromatographic system. This test method is used to determine the boiling point distribution through a temperature of 720C. This temperature corresponds to the elution of n-C100.1.3 This test method is used for the determination of boiling point distribution of crude oils. This test method uses capillary columns with thin films, which results in the incomplete separation of C 4-C8 in the presence of large amounts of carbon disulfide, and thus yields an unreliable boiling point distribution corresponding to this elution interval. In addition, quenching of the response of the detector employed to hydrocarbons eluting during carbon disulfide elution, results in unreliable quantitative analysis of the boiling distribution in the C 4-C8 region. Since the detector does not quantitatively measure the carbon disulfide, its subtraction from the sample using a solvent-only injection and corrections to this region via quenching factors, results in an approximate determination of the net chromatographic area. A separate, higher resolution gas chromatograph (GC) analysis of the light end portion of the sample may be necessary in order to obtain a more accurate description of the boiling point curve in the interval in question (see ).1.4 This test method is also designed to obtain the boiling point distribution of other incompletely eluting samples such as atmospheric residues, vacuum residues, etc., that are characterized by the fact that the sample components are resolved from the solvent.1.5 This test method is not applicable for the analysis of materials containing a heterogeneous component such as polyesters and polyolefins.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography

ASTM E2426-05 用SIMS测量同位素比率对脉冲计算系统死时间测定的标准实施规程

Electron multipliers are commonly used in pulse-counting mode to detect ions from magnetic sector mass spectrometers. The electronics used to amplify, detect and count pulses from the electron multipliers always have a characteristic time after the detection of a pulse after which no other pulses can be counted. This characteristic time is known as the “dead time.” The dead time has the effect of reducing the measured count rate compared with the “true” count rate. In order to measure count rates accurately over the entire dynamic range of a pulse counting detector, such as an electron multiplier, the dead time of the entire pulse counting system must be well known. Accurate count rate measurement forms the basis of isotopic ratio measurements as well as elemental abundance determinations. The procedure described herein has been successfully used to determine the dead time of counting systems on SIMS instruments.5 The accurate determination of the dead time by this method has been a key component of precision isotopic ratio measurements made by SIMS.1.1 This practice provides the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analyst with a method for determining the dead time of the pulse-counting detection systems on the instrument. This practice also allows the analyst to determine whether the apparent dead time is independent of count rate.1.2 This practice is applicable to most types of mass spectrometers that have pulse-counting detectors.1.3 This practice does not describe methods for precise or accurate isotopic ratio measurements, or both.1.4 This practice does not describe methods for the proper operation of pulse counting systems and detectors for mass spectrometry.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Pulse Counting System Dead Time Determination by Measuring Isotopic Ratios with SIMS

ASTM D5910-05(2012) 利用液相色谱法测定乳液聚合物中游离甲醛的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range. 1.2 This test method minimizes changes in free formaldehyde concentration that can result from changes in the physical or chemical properties of an emulsion polymer. 1.3 There are no known limitations to this test method when used in the manner described. The emulsion polymer test specimen must be prepared with a diluent that has a pH similar to that of the emulsion. Use of an inappropriate pH may upset formaldehyde equilibria and result in incorrect formaldehyde levels. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Formaldehyde in Emulsion Polymers by Liquid Chromatography

ASTM E1655-05 红外多变量定量分析的标准规程

These practices can be used to establish the validity of the results obtained by an infrared (IR) spectrometer at the time the calibration is developed. The ongoing validation of estimates produced by analysis of unknown samples using the calibration model should be covered separately (see for example, Practice D 6122). These practices are intended for all users of infrared spectroscopy. Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used for quantitative analysis. Many of the general principles described in these practices relate to the common modern practices of near-infrared spectroscopic analysis. While sampling methods and instrumentation may differ, the general calibration methodologies are equally applicable to mid-infrared spectroscopy. New techniques are under study that may enhance those discussed within these practices. Users will find these practices to be applicable to basic aspects of the technique, to include sample selection and preparation, instrument operation, and data interpretation. The calibration procedures define the range over which measurements are valid and demonstrate whether or not the sensitivity and linearity of the analysis outputs are adequate for providing meaningful estimates of the specific physical or chemical characteristics of the types of materials for which the calibration is developed.1.1 These practices cover a guide for the multivariate calibration of infrared spectrometers used in determining the physical or chemical characteristics of materials. These practices are applicable to analyses conducted in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region (roughly 780 to 2500 nm) through the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region (roughly 4000 to 400 cm-1).Note 18212;While the practices described herein deal specifically with mid- and near-infrared analysis, much of the mathematical and procedural detail contained herein is also applicable for multivariate quantitative analysis done using other forms of spectroscopy. The user is cautioned that typical and best practices for multivariate quantitative analysis using other forms of spectroscopy may differ from practices described herein for mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies.1.2 Procedures for collecting and treating data for developing IR calibrations are outlined. Definitions, terms, and calibration techniques are described. Criteria for validating the performance of the calibration model are described.1.3 The implementation of these practices require that the IR spectrometer has been installed in compliance with the manufacturer''s specifications. In addition, it assumes that, at the times of calibration and of validation, the analyzer is operating at the conditions specified by the manufacturer.1.4 These practices cover techniques that are routinely applied in the near and mid infrared spectral regions for quantitative analysis. The practices outlined cover the general cases for coarse solids, fine ground solids, and liquids. All techniques covered require the use of a computer for data collection and analysis.1.5 These practices provide a questionnaire against which multivariate calibrations can be examined to determine if they conform to the requirements defined herein.1.6 For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described herein, they do not conform to procedures described herein, specifically with respect to the handling of outliers. Surrogate methods may indicate that they make use of the mathematics described herein, but they should not claim to follow the procedures described herein.1.7 This standard does no......

Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis

ASTM E2111-05 评估液体化学杀虫剂杀菌、杀霉、杀分枝杆菌和杀芽孢潜能的标准定量带菌试验方法

This test method is fully quantitative and it also avoids any loss of viable organisms through wash off. This makes it possible to produce statistically valid data using many fewer test and control carriers than other quantitative methods based on most probable numbers (MPN). The design of the carriers makes it possible to place into each a precisely measured volume of the test suspension. The use of the threaded stir bars allows for efficient recovery of the inoculum even after its exposure for several hours to strong fixatives such as glutaraldehyde. The membrane filtration step allows processing of the entire eluate from the test carriers and therefore the capture and subsequent detection of even low numbers of viable organisms that may be present. This test can be performed with or without a soil load to determine the effect of such loading on microbicide performance. The soil load developed for this test is a mixture of three types of proteins (high molecular weight proteins, low molecular weight peptides, and mucous material) to represent the body secretions, excretions, or other extraneous substances that chemical microbicides may encounter under field conditions. It is suitable for working with the various test organisms included here. The components of the soil load are readily available and subject to much less variability than animal sera. Since the quality of tap water varies considerably both geographically and temporally, this test method incorporates the use of water with a specified and documented level of hardness to prepare use-dilutions of test products. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyrsquo;Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) on Germicide Test Methodology has recommended the use of water with a standard hardness of 400 ppm as CaCO3.1.1 This test method is designed for use in product development and for the generation of product potency data. This test method permits the loading of each carrier with a known volume of the test organism. The incorporation of controls can also determine the initial load of colony forming units (CFU) of organisms on the test carriers and any loss in CFU after the mandatory drying of the inoculum.1.2 This test method is designed to have survivors and also to be used with a performance standard. The surviving microorganisms on each test carrier are compared to the mean of no less than three control carriers to determine if the performance standard has been met. To allow proper statistical evaluation of results, the size of the test inoculum should be sufficiently large to take into account both the performance standard and the experimental variation in the results. For example, if an arbitrary performance standard of 6-log10 reduction in the viability titer of the test organism is used, and an inoculum size of 107 CFU, then theoretically a maximum of ten survivors per carrier is permitted; however, because of experimental variability, the exact target may need to be higher than 106 CFU/carrier, thus fewer survivors would be permitted.1.3 This test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology and in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at the appropriate biosafety level (3).1.4 In this test method, SI units are used for all applications, except for distance, in which case inches are used and SI units follow.1.5 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practice Regulations (GLPs) are required and to follow them where appropriate (40 CFR, Part 160 for EPA submissions and 21 CFR, Part 58 for FDA submissions).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and......

Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate the Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal, and Sporicidal Potencies of Liquid Chemical Microbicides

ASTM E1621-05 X射线发散光谱分析标准指南

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry can provide an accurate and precise determination of metallic and many non-metallic elements. This guide covers the information that should be included in an X-ray spectrometric analytical method and provides direction to the analyst for determining the optimum conditions needed to achieve acceptable accuracy. The accuracy of an analysis is a function of the calibration scheme, the sample preparation, and the sample homogeneity. Close attention to all aspects of these areas is necessary to achieve the best results. 1.1 This guide covers guidelines for developing and describing analytical procedures using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for X-Ray Emission Spectrometric Analysis

ASTM E2108-05 X-射线光电分光仪的电子结合能刻度表校准的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes a procedure for calibrating the electron binding-energy (BE) scale of an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer that is to be used for surface analysis with unmonochromated aluminum or magnesium K X-rays or monochromated aluminum K X rays.1.2 It is recommended that the BE scale be calibrated after the instrument is installed or modified in any substantive way. Also, it is recommended that the instrumental BE scale be checked, and if necessary, recalibrated at intervals chosen to ensure that BE measurements are statistically unlikely to be made with greater uncertainty than a tolerance limit, specified by the analyst, based on the instrumental stability and the analyst''s needs. Information is provided by which an analyst can select an appropriate tolerance limit for the BE measurements and the frequency of calibration checks.1.3 This practice is based on the assumption that the BE scale of the spectrometer is sufficiently close to linear that the BE scale can be calibrated by measurements of reference photoelectron lines made near the extremes of the working BE scale. In most commercial instruments, X-ray sources with aluminum or magnesium anodes are employed and BEs are typically measured over the 0-1000 eV range. This practice can be used for the BE range from 0 eV to 1040 eV.1.4 The assumption that the BE scale is linear is checked by a measurement made with a reference photoelectron line or Auger-electron line that appears at an intermediate position. A single check is a necessary but not sufficient condition for establishing linearity of the BE scale. Additional checks can be made with specified reference lines on instruments equipped with magnesium or unmonochromated aluminum X-ray sources, with secondary BE standards, or by following the procedures of the instrument manufacturer. Deviations from BE-scale linearity can occur because of mechanical misalignments, excessive magnetic fields in the region of the analyzer, or imperfections or malfunctions in the power supplies. This practice does not check for, nor identify, problems of this type.1.5 After an initial check of the BE-scale linearity and measurements of the repeatability standard deviation for the main calibration lines for a particular instrument, a simplified procedure is given for routine checks of the calibration at subsequent times.1.6 This practice is recommended for use with X-ray photoelectron spectrometers operated in the constant-pass-energy or fixed-analyzer-transmission mode and for which the pass energy is less than 200 eV; otherwise, depending on the configuration of the instrument, a relativistic equation could be needed for the calibration equation. The practice should not be used for instruments operated in the constant-retardation-ratio mode at retardation ratios less than 10, for instruments with an energy resolution worse than 1.5 eV, or in applications for which BE measurements are desired with tolerance limits of 0.03 eV or less.1.7 On instruments equipped with a monochromated aluminum K X-ray source, a measurement of the position of a specified Auger-electron line can be used, if desired, to determine the average energy of the X rays incident on the specimen. This information is needed for the determination of modified Auger parameters.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibration of the Electron Binding-Energy Scale of an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer

ASTM D5996-05 用联机离子色谱法测量高纯度水中阴离子杂质的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers on-line analysis of high-purity water by the ion chromatography technique. This test method is applicable for measuring various anionic contaminants in high-purity water, typically in the range of 0.01 to 100 g/L. This test method is used to determine the concentration of acetate, formate, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate in a continuously flowing sample. The range of the test method is only as good as the reagent water available for preparing standards. At extremely low concentrations, 1.0 g/L, preparing standards is difficult, and extra care must be taken in their preparation. The sample may have to be conditioned from higher pressures and temperatures to conditions that are suitable for use by on-line instruments.1.2 Online sample analysis of flowing streams does not lend itself to collaborative studies due to the nature of the sample and the possibility of contamination that may result from handling the sample as part of the collaborative study. Therefore this standard test method is not based on the results of a collaborative study but is intended to provide the best possible guidance for doing this type of analysis.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Anionic Contaminants in High-Purity Water by On-Line Ion Chromatography

ASTM E1915-05 用燃烧红外吸收光谱法分析含金属矿和有关材料的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and sulfur in metal bearing ores and related materials such as tailings and waste rock within the following ranges:AnalyteApplication Range, %Quantitative Range, %Total Carbon0 to 100.08 to 10Total Sulfur0 to 8.80.023 to 8.8Note 1The test methods were tested over the following ranges:Total Carbon - 0.01 to 5.87 %Total Sulfur - 0.0002 to 4.70 %Residual Carbon from Pyrolysis - 0.002 to 4.97 %Residual Sulfur from Pyrolysis - 0.014 to 1.54 %Pyrolysis Loss Sulfur - 0 to 4.42 %Hydrochloric Acid Insoluble Carbon - 0.025 to 0.47 %Hydrochloric Acid Loss Carbon - 0 to 5.78 %Hydrochloric Acid Insoluble Sulfur - 0.012 to 4.20 %.Nitric Acid Insoluble Sulfur - 0.006 to 0.924 %Nitric Acid Loss Sulfur - -0.08 to 4.19 %Sodium Carbonate Insoluble Sulfur - 0.007 to 3.78 %1.2 The quantitative ranges for the partial decomposition test methods are dependent on the mineralogy of the samples being tested. The user of these test methods is advised to conduct an interlaboratory study in accordance with Practice E 1601 on the test methods selected for use at a particular mining site, in order to establish the quantitative ranges for these test methods on a site-specific basis.1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionsCarbon and Sulfur, TotalCarbon and Sulfur, Residual from PyrolysisCarbon and Sulfur, Hydrochloric Acid InsolubleSulfur, Nitric Acid InsolubleSulfur, Sodium Carbonate Insoluble1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM E1217-05 用X射线光电子光谱仪和俄歇电子光谱仪测定影响检测信号的样品面积的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice describes methods for determining the specimen area contributing to the detected signal in Auger electron spectrometers and some types of X-ray photoelectron spectrometers when this area is defined by the electron collection lens and aperture system of the electron energy analyzer. The practice is applicable only to those X-ray photoelectron spectrometers in which the specimen area excited by the incident X-ray beam is larger than the specimen area viewed by the analyzer, in which the photoelectrons travel in a field-free region from the specimen to the analyzer entrance, and in which an auxiliary electron gun can be mounted to produce an electron beam of variable energy on the specimen.1.2 This practice is recommended as a useful means for determining the specimen area viewed by the analyzer for different conditions of spectrometer operation, for verifying adequate specimen and beam alignment, and for characterizing the imaging properties of the electron energy analyzer.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Determination of the Specimen Area Contributing to the Detected Signal in Auger Electron Spectrometers and Some X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometers

ASTM D6866-05 使用放射性碳和同位素比率质谱分析法测定天然材料中生物基含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis

ASTM D6569-05(2009) pH值在线测量的标准试验方法

pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion activity in water. It is a major parameter affecting the corrosivity and scaling properties of water, biological life in water and many applications of chemical process control. It is therefore important in water purification, use and waste treatment before release to the environment. On-line pH measurement is preferred over laboratory measurement to obtain real time, continuous values for automatic control and monitoring purposes.1.1 This test method covers the continuous determination of pH of water by electrometric measurement using the glass, the antimony or the ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) electrode as the sensor. 1.2 This test method does not cover measurement of samples with less than 100 μS/cm conductivity. Refer to Test Method D 5128. 1.3 This test method does not cover laboratory or grab sample measurement of pH. Refer to Test Method D 1293. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for On-Line Measurement of pH¹

ASTM E1655-05(2012) 红外线多变量定量分析的标准实施规程

These practices can be used to establish the validity of the results obtained by an infrared (IR) spectrometer at the time the calibration is developed. The ongoing validation of estimates produced by analysis of unknown samples using the calibration model should be covered separately (see for example, Practice D6122). These practices are intended for all users of infrared spectroscopy. Near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used for quantitative analysis. Many of the general principles described in these practices relate to the common modern practices of near-infrared spectroscopic analysis. While sampling methods and instrumentation may differ, the general calibration methodologies are equally applicable to mid-infrared spectroscopy. New techniques are under study that may enhance those discussed within these practices. Users will find these practices to be applicable to basic aspects of the technique, to include sample selection and preparation, instrument operation, and data interpretation. The calibration procedures define the range over which measurements are valid and demonstrate whether or not the sensitivity and linearity of the analysis outputs are adequate for providing meaningful estimates of the specific physical or chemical characteristics of the types of materials for which the calibration is developed.1.1 These practices cover a guide for the multivariate calibration of infrared spectrometers used in determining the physical or chemical characteristics of materials. These practices are applicable to analyses conducted in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region (roughly 780 to 2500 nm) through the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region (roughly 4000 to 400 cm−1). Note 18212;While the practices described herein deal specifically with mid- and near-infrared analysis, much of the mathematical and procedural detail contained herein is also applicable for multivariate quantitative analysis done using other forms of spectroscopy. The user is cautioned that typical and best practices for multivariate quantitative analysis using other forms of spectroscopy may differ from practices described herein for mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies. 1.2 Procedures for collecting and treating data for developing IR calibrations are outlined. Definitions, terms, and calibration techniques are described. Criteria for validating the performance of the calibration model are described. 1.3 The implementation of these practices require that the IR spectrometer has been installed in compliance with the manufacturer's specifications. In addition, it assumes that, at the times of calibration and of validation, the analyzer is operating at the conditions specified by the manufacturer. 1.4 These practices cover techniques that are routinely applied in the near and mid infrared spectral regions for quantitative analysis. The practices outlined cover the general cases for coarse solids, fine ground solids, and liquids. All techniques covered require the use of a computer for data collection and analysis. 1.5 These practices provide a questionnaire against which multivariate calibrations can be examined to determine if they conform to the requirements defined herein. 1.6 For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described herein, they do not conform to procedures described herein, specifically with respect to the handling of......

Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis

ASTM E169-04 紫外线可见光定量分析一般技术的标准规程

These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements. These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available instrumentation.1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods for quantitative analysis. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis

ASTM D6144-04 用毛细管气相色谱法分析AMS(α-甲基苯乙烯)的标准试验方法

This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in 1.2 and for use as an internal quality control tool where AMS is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving AMS. This test method is useful in determining the purity of AMS with normal impurities present. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the AMS, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of AMS (-methylstyrene) by gas chromatography. Calibration of the gas chromatography system is done by the external standard calibration technique.1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as cumene, 3-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one, n-propylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, cis-2-phenyl-2-butene, acetophenone, 1-phenyl-1-butene, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, trans-2-phenyl-2-butene, m-cymene, p-cymene, and phenol, which are common to the manufacturing process of AMS. The method has also been found applicable for the determination of para-tertiary-butylcatechol typically added as a stabilizer to AMS. The impurities in AMS can be analyzed over a range of 5 to 800 mg/kg by this method. (See Table 1.) The limit of detection for these impurities is typically in the range of 5 to 10 mg/kg. (See Table 1.)1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of AMS (alpha-Methylstyrene) by Capillary Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5399-04(2009) 使用气相色谱法测定烃熔剂的沸点分布的标准试验方法

The gas chromatographic determination of the boiling point distribution of hydrocarbon solvents can be used as an alternative to conventional distillation methods for control of solvents quality during manufacture, and specification testing. Boiling point distribution data can be used to monitor the presence of product contaminants and compositional variation during the manufacture of hydrocarbon solvents. Boiling point distribution data obtained by this test method are not equivalent to those obtained by Test Methods D 86, D 850, D 1078, D 2887, D 2892, and D 3710.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling point distribution of hydrocarbon solvents by capillary gas chromatography. This test method is limited to samples having a minimum initial boiling point of 37°C (99°F), a maximum final boiling point of 285°C (545°F), and a boiling range of 5 to 150°C (9 to 270°F) as measured by this test method. 1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Hydrocarbon Solvents by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5399-04 气相色谱法测定烃类溶剂沸点分布的标准试验方法

The gas chromatographic determination of the boiling point distribution of hydrocarbon solvents can be used as an alternative to conventional distillation methods for control of solvents quality during manufacture, and specification testing. Boiling point distribution data can be used to monitor the presence of product contaminants and compositional variation during the manufacture of hydrocarbon solvents. Boiling point distribution data obtained by this test method are not equivalent to those obtained by Test Methods D 86, D 850, D 1078, D 2887, D 2892, and D 3710.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling point distribution of hydrocarbon solvents by capillary gas chromatography. This test method is limited to samples having a minimum initial boiling point of 37176;C (99176;F), a maximum final boiling point of 285176;C (545176;F), and a boiling range of 5 to 150176;C (9 to 270176;F) as measured by this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.1.3 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Hydrocarbon Solvents by Gas Chromatography

ASTM E1727-04 用原子光谱法测定铅用土壤样品的现场采集用标准实用规程

1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples using coring and scooping methods. Soil samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). 1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soil samples from areas that are paved. 1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. 1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques