75.160.20 (Liquid fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7689-11 石油产品浊点的标准试验方法(微型方法)

The cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications. Wax crystals of sufficient quantity can plug filters used in some fuel systems. Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the cloud point. This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen at which wax crystals have formed sufficiently to be observed as a cloud with a resolution of 0.1°C. This test method provides results that, when corrected for bias and rounded to the next lower integer (see 12.2), have been found equivalent to Test Method D2500. This test method determines the cloud point in a shorter time period than required by Test Method D2500.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends, that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, using an automatic instrument. 1.2 This test method covers the range of cloud point temperatures from -50 to +6°C. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)

ASTM D7740-11 金属分析石油产品和润滑剂的最优化,校准和原子吸收光谱法有效性的标准操作规程

Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). 1.1.1 AAS Related Standards8212;Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

ASTM D3241-11 航空涡轮机燃料热氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

The test results are indicative of fuel performance during gas turbine operation and can be used to assess the level of deposits that form when liquid fuel contacts a heated surface that is at a specified temperature.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system. 1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.2.1, 7.3, 11.1.1, and Annex A3. A1.1.1 This method covers a procedure for visually rating the heater tube produced by Test Method D3241. A1.1.2 The final result from this test method is a tube color rating based on an arbitrary scale established for this test method plus two additional yes/no criteria that indicate the presence of an apparent large excess of deposit or an unusual deposit, or both.

Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

ASTM D7566-11a 含合成碳氢化合物的航空涡轮机燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blending components. 1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination. Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified and released to all the requirements of this specification, meets the requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Once released to this specification (D7566) the requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done to D1655. Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine (SPK) with D1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originated as D7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origination in which case all of the requirements of this specification (D7566) apply, however the fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel after certification and release. 1.3 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. The specification is intended to be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blending components at the place of manufacture but can be used to describe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractual transfer at all points in the distribution system. 1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.5 While aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines, requirements for such other applications have not been considered in the development of this specification. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons

ASTM D1796-11e1 使用离心法测定燃料油中水分及沉淀物的标准试验方法(实验室规程)

4.1 The water and sediment content of fuel oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual fuel oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers. 4.2 This test method may not be suitable for products that contain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where the impact on the results may be significant, the user is advised to consider using another test method, such as Test Method D6304. 1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in fuel oils in the range from 0 to 308201;% volume by means of the centrifuge procedure.Note 1—With some types of fuel oils such as residual fuel oils or distillate fuel oils containing residual components, it is difficult to obtain water or sediment contents with this test method. When this situation is encountered, Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) or Test Method D473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1) may be used.Note 2—API MPMS Chapter 10.6 (Test Method D1796) along with API MPMS Chapter 10.3 (Test Method D4007) formerly superseded API Standard 2548. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 6.1.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

ASTM D7185-11a 低甲苯低二恶烷(LTLD)苯的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier's Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ASTM D1796-11 离心法测定燃料油中水分及沉淀物的标准试验方法(实验室法)

The water and sediment content of fuel oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual fuel oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers. This test method may not be suitable for products that contain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where the impact on the results may be significant, the user is advised to consider using another test method, such as Test Method D6304.1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in fuel oils in the range from 0 to 30 % volume by means of the centrifuge procedure. Note 18212;With some types of fuel oils such as residual fuel oils or distillate fuel oils containing residual components, it is difficult to obtain water or sediment contents with this test method. When this situation is encountered, Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) or Test Method D473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1) may be used. Note 28212;API MPMS Chapter 10.6 (Test Method D1796) along with API MPMS Chapter 10.3 (Test Method D4007) formerly superseded API Standard 2548. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 6.1.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

ASTM D7321-11e1 采用实验室过滤法测试生物柴油B100调合生物柴油酯和生物柴油混合燃料的颗粒污染试验方法的标准试验方法

5.1 The mass of particulates present in a fuel is a significant factor, along with the size and nature of the individual particles, in the rapidity with which fuel system filters and other small orifices in fuel systems can become plugged. This test method provides a means of assessing the mass of particulates present in a fuel sample. 5.2 The test method can be used in specifications and purchase documents as a means of controlling particulate contamination levels in the fuels purchased. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396 and D975.Note 1—Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38°C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and discharge. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration

ASTM D7754-11 用多维气象色谱分析仪测定自动火花点火发动机燃油中痕量氧化剂的标准试验方法

The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. The method used is a multidimensional gas chromatographic method using 1,2-dimethoxy ethane as the internal standard. The oxygenates that are analyzed are: methyl-tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl-tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methanol, tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME), n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, tert-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, and tert-pentanol. Ethanol is usually not measured as a trace oxygenate since ethanol can be used as the main oxygenate compound in finished automotive spark-ignition fuels such as reformulated automotive spark-ignition fuels. The concentration range of the oxygenates covered in the ILS study was from 10 µg/Kg to 2000 µg/Kg. In addition this method is also suitable for the measurement of the C5 isomeric alcohols (2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol) present from the fermentation of ethanol. 1.2 The ethanol blending concentration for which this test method applies ranges from 1 to 15% by volume. Higher concentrations of ethanol coelute with methanol in the analytical column. Lower levels of ethanol, similar to the other oxygenate, can be calibrated and analyzed also. If higher ethanol concentrations are expected, the window cutting technique can be used to avoid ethanol from entering the analytical column and interfere with the determination of the other oxygenates of interest. Refer to Appendix X1 for details. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Alternate units, in common usage, are also provided to increase clarity and aid the users of this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Oxygenates in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

ASTM D1655-11a 航空涡轮机燃料标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract. 1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. The specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuels from the refinery to the aircraft. 1.3 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.4 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel. 1.5 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

ASTM D7328-11 通过离子色谱法用水样注入测定燃料乙醇中现存和潜在的无机硫酸盐和无机氯化物总量的标准试验方法

Sulfates and chlorides may be found in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. The acceptability for use of the fuel components and the finished fuels depends on the sulfate and chloride content. Existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total chloride content, as measured by this test method, can be used as one measure of the acceptability of gasoline components for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel use.1.1 This test method covers an ion chromatographic procedure for the determination of the existent inorganic and potential sulfate and total inorganic chloride content in hydrous and anhydrous denatured ethanol to be used in motor fuel applications. It is intended for the analysis of ethanol samples containing between 0.55 and 20 mg/kg of existent inorganic sulfate, 4.0 to 20 mg/kg of potential inorganic sulfate, and 0.75 to 50 mg/kg of total inorganic chloride. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample Injection

ASTM D7547-11 无铅航空汽油的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract and is intended primarily for use by purchasing agencies. 1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline, containing no lead. It does not include all gasolines satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the time and place of delivery. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

ASTM D4814-11b 自动火花点火发动机燃油标准规格

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. 1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1. 1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements. 1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification. 1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition. Note 18212;If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters. 1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method

Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D4814-11 汽车火花点火发动机燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. 1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1. 1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements. 1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification.

Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D7717-11 用于实验室分析的配制变性燃料酒精和汽油掺混油混合物的标准操作规程

Typically, denatured fuel ethanol is added to gasoline blendstocks after production. For laboratories to test a sample that is similar to the finished fuel available in the market, it is important to provide a laboratory practice that standardizes the preparation of a blend of denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline blendstock. The laboratory blend shall be prepared volumetrically to yield a fuel similar to that produced for consumer use. When applicable, blends shall meet requirements of CFR 40.80, Subpart DReformulated Gasoline.1.1 This practice covers and provides instructions on making a volumetric blend of denatured fuel ethanol with gasoline blendstocks, such as a reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB) or a conventional gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB). 1.2 This practice does not preclude the use of automated volumetric blending systems. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparing Volumetric Blends of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Gasoline Blendstocks for Laboratory Analysis

ASTM D7422-11 评估T-12废气再循环柴油机机油的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oil analysis and component measurements before and after test. The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception8212;Where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

ASTM D7111-11 感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP - AES)测定中间馏分燃料中痕量元素的标准试验方法

Trace elemental analysis is used to indicate the level of contamination of middle distillate fuels. Trace metals in turbine fuels can cause corrosion and deposition on turbine components at elevated temperatures. Some diesel fuels have specification limit requirements for trace metals to guard against engine deposits. Trace level copper in middle distillate aviation turbine fuel can significantly accelerate thermal instability of the fuel leading to oxidation and production of detrimental insoluble deposits in the engine. Gas turbine fuel oil Specification D2880 provides recommended upper limits for five trace metals (calcium, lead, sodium, potassium, and vanadium). Military specification MIL-F-16884J for naval distillate fuel sets requirements for maximum concentrations of the same five metals. Both specifications designate Test Method D3605, an atomic absorption/flame emission method, for the quantitative analysis of four of the metals. Test Method D3605 does not cover potassium. This test method provides an alternative to Test Method D3605, covers potassium and a number of additional elements. There are several sources of multi-element contamination of naval distillate fuel. Sea water is pumped into the diesel fuel tanks (as ballast) to trim ships. Also, some of the oilers (fuel supply ships) have dirty tanks. Corrosion products come from unlined tanks, piping, pumps, and heat exchangers.1.1 This test method covers the determination of selected elements in middle distillate fuels by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The specific elements are listed in Table 1. The concentration range of this test method is approximately 0.1 to 2.0 mg/kg. The test method may be used for concentrations outside of this range; however, the precision statements may not be applicable. Middle distillate fuels covered in this test method have all distillation fractions contained within the boiling range of 150 to 390°C. This includes, but is not limited to, diesel fuels and aviation turbine fuels. 1.2 This test method is not intended to analyze insoluble particulates. However, very small particulate matter (smaller than a micrometre) will be carried into the plasma and be included in the quantitative analysis. 1.3 This test method may give a result that is higher than the true value if an analyte is present in the sample in a form which is sufficiently volatile. For example, hexamethyldisiloxane will generate a biased high result for silicon. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Middle Distillate Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

ASTM D2699-11e1 研究火花点火发动机燃料辛烷值的标准试验方法

Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation. Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines. Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation: Values of k1, k2, and k3 vary with vehicles and vehicle populations and are based on road-O.N. determinations. Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals. This is more commonly presented as: Research O.N. is also used either alone or in conjunction with other factors to define the Road O.N. capabilities of spark-ignition engine fuels for vehicles operating in areas of the world other than the United States. Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates. Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N. 1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range. 1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3 (6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.11.4, and X4.5.1......

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D3242-11 航空涡轮机燃料酸度的标准试验方法

Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel. This test method is designed to measure the levels of acidity that can be present in aviation turbine fuel and is not suitable for determining significant acid contamination.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 to 0.100 mg KOH/g. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel

ASTM D2700-11e1 汽车火花点火发动机燃料辛烷值的标准试验方法

Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation. Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines. Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation: 1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number. 1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range. 1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.

Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel