电离辐射计量标准-分析测试百科网

JJG 478-1996 α、β和γ表面污染仪检定规程

Verification Regulation of Alpha Beta and Gamma Surface Contamination Instruments

ICS
CCS: A58
发布: 1996
实施: 1997-05-01

ASTM E705-96 用镎237的放射激活性测定反应速率的测试方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring reaction rates by assaying a fission product (F.P.) from the fission reaction 237 Np(n,f)F.P. 1.2 The reaction is useful for measuring neutrons with energies from approximately 0.7 to 6 MeV and for irradiation times up to 30 to 40 years. 1.3 Equivalent fission neutron fluence rates as defined in Practice E261 can be determined. 1.4 Detailed procedures for other fast-neutron detectors are referenced in Practice E261. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Reaction Rates by Radioactivation of Neptunium-237

ICS
CCS: A58
发布: 1996
实施

ASTM E798-96(2009) 对基于加速器的中子源进行辐照的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers procedures for irradiations at accelerator-based neutron sources. The discussion focuses on two types of sources, namely nearly monoenergetic 14-MeV neutrons from the deuterium-tritium T(d,n) interaction, and broad spectrum neutrons from stopping deuterium beams in thick beryllium or lithium targets. However, most of the recommendations also apply to other types of accelerator-based sources, including spallation neutron sources (1). Interest in spallation sources has increased recently due to their proposed use for transmutation of fission reactor waste (2). 1.2 Many of the experiments conducted using such neutron sources are intended to simulate irradiation in another neutron spectrum, for example, that from a DT fusion reaction. The word simulation is used here in a broad sense to imply an approximation of the relevant neutron irradiation environment. The degree of conformity can range from poor to nearly exact. In general, the intent of these simulations is to establish the fundamental relationships between irradiation or material parameters and the material response. The extrapolation of data from such experiments requires that the differences in neutron spectra be considered. 1.3 The procedures to be considered include methods for characterizing the accelerator beam and target, the irradiated sample, and the neutron flux and spectrum, as well as procedures for recording and reporting irradiation data. 1.4 Other experimental problems, such as temperature control, are not included. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting Irradiations at Accelerator-Based Neutron Sources

ICS: 27.120.10 (Reactor engineering)
CCS: A58
发布: 1996
实施

ASTM E521-96(2009) 用带电粒子照射法模拟中子辐射损害的标准实施规程

A characteristic advantage of charged-particle irradiation experiments is precise, individual, control over most of the important irradiation conditions such as dose, dose rate, temperature, and quantity of gases present. Additional attributes are the lack of induced radioactivation of specimens and, in general, a substantial compression of irradiation time, from years to hours, to achieve comparable damage as measured in displacements per atom (dpa). An important application of such experiments is the investigation of radiation effects in not-yet-existing environments, such as fusion reactors. The primary shortcoming of ion bombardments stems from the damage rate, or temperature dependences of the microstructural evolutionary processes in complex alloys, or both. It cannot be assumed that the time scale for damage evolution can be comparably compressed for all processes by increasing the displacement rate, even with a corresponding shift in irradiation temperature. In addition, the confinement of damage production to a thin layer just (often 8764; 1 μm) below the irradiated surface can present substantial complications. It must be emphasized, therefore, that these experiments and this practice are intended for research purposes and not for the certification or the qualification of equipment. This practice relates to the generation of irradiation-induced changes in the microstructure of metals and alloys using charged particles. The investigation of mechanical behavior using charged particles is covered in Practice E 821.1.1 This practice provides guidance on performing charged-particle irradiations of metals and alloys. It is generally confined to studies of microstructural and microchemical changes carried out with ions of low-penetrating power that come to rest in the specimen. Density changes can be measured directly and changes in other properties can be inferred. This information can be used to estimate similar changes that would result from neutron irradiation. More generally, this information is of value in deducing the fundamental mechanisms of radiation damage for a wide range of materials and irradiation conditions. 1.2 The word simulation is used here in a broad sense to imply an approximation of the relevant neutron irradiation environment. The degree of conformity can range from poor to nearly exact. The intent is to produce a correspondence between one or more aspects of the neutron and charged particle irradiations such that fundamental relationships are established between irradiation or material parameters and the material response. 1.3 The practice appears as follows: Section Apparatus 4 Specimen Preparation 5-10 Irradiation Techniques (including Helium Injection) 11–12 Damage Calculations 13 Postirradiation Examination 14-16 Reporting of Results 17 Correlation and Interpretation 18-22 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This sta......

Standard Practice for Neutron Radiation Damage Simulation by Charged-Particle Irradiation