N51 物性分析仪器 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4212-99(2005) 浸渍型粘度杯测定粘度的试验方法

Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material. Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties of paints and related fluids. This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and reactors. There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that provide better precision and bias, including the Ford viscosity cup (Test Method D 1200), and the Brookfield viscometer (Test Methods D 2196). Certain higher shear rate devices such as cone/plate viscometers (Test Method D 4287) provide more information about sprayability, roll coatability, and other high-shear rate related properties of coatings.1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results.1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D 2196, should be used. Under controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determination methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are preferred.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

WJ 2543-1999 硅、锰、磷自动分析仪检定规程

Calibration rules for silicon, manganese and phosphorus automatic analyzers

ASTM D4221-99 用双倍流体比重计测定粘土的分散特性的试验方法

1.1 This test method, when used in conjunction with a test performed by Method D422 on a duplicate soil sample, provides an indication of the natural dispersive characteristics of clay soils (1). 1.2 This test method is applicable only to soils with a plasticity index greater than 4 as determined in accordance with Method D4318 and more than 12% of the soil fraction finer than 5-[mu]m as determined in accordance with Method D422 (2). 1.3 This test method is similar to Method D422, except that this method covers the determination of percent of soil particles smaller than 5-[mu]m in diameter in a soil-water suspension without mechanical agitation and to which no dispersing agent has been added. 1.4 The amount of particles smaller than 5-[mu]m determined by this method compared with the total amount of particles smaller than 5-[mu]m determined by Method D422 is a measure of the dispersive characteristics of the soil. 1.5 This test method may not identify all dispersive clay soils. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soil by Double Hydrometer

ISO 15212-1:1998 振荡型密度计 第1部分:实验室仪器

This part of ISO 15212 specifies metrological and other requirements for oscillation-type density meters which are used in laboratories for all kinds of homogeneous fluid samples. In addition, a method for adjustment and calibration of laboratory instruments is given. The instruments are either stand-alone units or part of more complex measuring equipment supplying additional test parameters of the sample. This part of ISO 15212 does not describe the method of use of density meters for particular applications or products such as petroleum products or beverages. Such methods of use can be defined by relevant institutions such as ISO or responsible government agencies. This part of ISO 15212 does not define an instrument specification for any particular application. For this information reference should be made to the relevant standard covering the method of use. This part of ISO 15212 is addressed to manufacturers of density meters and to bodies testing and certifying the conformity of density meters. In addition, this part of ISO 15212 gives recommendations for adjustment and calibration of density meters by the user.

Oscillation-type density meters - Part 1: Laboratory instruments

SL/T 208-1998 河流泥沙测验及颗粒分析仪器

本标准规定了河流泥沙测验及颗粒分析仪器的定义、分类、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则及标志、包装、运输、贮存等要求。 本标准适用于江河、湖泊、水库、渠道等泥沙采样、现场测沙及颗粒分析的仪器。

Instrument for sediment measurement and particle size analysis in open channel

ASTM E1948-98(2004) 层析数据用分析数据交换协议的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Chromatographic Data Protocol in analytical software applications. Implementation of this protocol requires:1.1.1 Specification E 1947, which contains the full set of data definitions. The chromatographic data protocol is not based upon any specific implementation; it is designed to be independent of any particular implementation, so that implementations can change as technology evolves. The protocol is implemented in stages, to speed its acceptance through actual use.1.1.2 Specification E 1947 contains a full description of the contents of the data communications protocol, including the analytical information categories with data elements and their attributes for most aspects of chromatographic tests.1.2 The Analytical Information Categories are a practical convenience for breaking down the standardization process into smaller, more manageable pieces. It is easier for developers to build consensus and produce working systems based on smaller information sets, without the burden and complexity of the hundreds of data elements contained in all the categories. The categories also assist vendors and end users in using the guide in their computing environments.1.3 The NetCDF Data Interchange System is the container used to communicate data between applications in a way that is independent of both computer architectures and end-user applications. In essence, it is a special type of application designed for data interchange.1.4 The Common Data Language (CDL) Template for Chromatography is a language specification of the chromatography dataset being interchanged. With the use of the NetCDF utilities, this human-readable template can be used to generate an equivalent binary file and the software subroutine calls needed for input and output of data in analytical applications.

Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

ASTM D5478-98 落针粘度计测定材料粘度的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. These test methods are applicable to liquids having viscosities in the range from 5 X 10 -4 to 10 Pa[dot]s (0.5 to 10 cP). The shear rate range is dependent upon the needle used and viscosity of the liquid and may vary from 10 -4 to 10 s -1 . 1.2 The yield stress of liquids having this property may also be determined. 1.3 These test methods consist of determining liquid viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (clear or opaque) by measuring the steady-state (constant) or terminal velocities of cylindrical needles as they fall through the test liquid under the influence of gravity. Yield stresses of non-Newtonian liquids may be measured using the same procedure.

Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Materials by a Falling Needle Viscometer

ASTM E1949-98 测试金属粘合抗性应变仪的环境温度疲劳寿命的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a uniform method for the determination of strain gage fatigue life at ambient temperature. A suggested testing equipment design is included. 1.2 This test method does not apply to force transducers or extensometers that use bonded resistance strain gages as sensing elements. 1.3 Strain gages are part of a complex system that includes structure, adhesive, gage, leadwires, instrumentation, and (often) environmental protection. As a result, many things affect the performance of strain gages, including user technique. A further complication is that strain gages, once installed, normally cannot be reinstalled in another location. Therefore, it is not possible to calibrate individual strain gages; performance characteristics are normally presented on a statistical basis. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ambient Temperature Fatigue Life of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages

ASTM E1947-98(2004) 层析数据用分析数据交换协议的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers a standardized format for chromatographic data representation and a software vehicle to effect the transfer of chromatographic data between instrument data systems. This specification provides protocol designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency.

Standard Specification for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

ASTM E1948-98 层析数据用分析数据交换协议的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the implementation of the Chromatographic Data Protocol in analytical software applications.

Standard Guide for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

ASTM E1947-98 层析数据用分析数据交换协议的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers a standardized format for chromatographic data representation and a software vehicle to effect the transfer of chromatographic data between instrument data systems. This specification provides protocol designed to benefit users of analytical instruments and increase laboratory productivity and efficiency.

Standard Specification for Analytical Data Interchange Protocol for Chromatographic Data

ASTM D5478-98(2003) 落针粘度计测定材料粘度的标准试验方法

These test methods are applicable for measuring the rheological properties of varnishes and paints. In particular, the low to moderate shear rate measurements provide information related to sag resistance, leveling, etc.1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. These test methods are applicable to liquids having viscosities in the range from 5 215; 10-4 to 103 Pas (0.5 to 106 cP). The shear rate range is dependent upon the needle used and viscosity of the liquid and may vary from 10-4 to 103s-1.1.2 The yield stress of liquids having this property may also be determined.1.3 These test methods consist of determining liquid viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (clear or opaque) by measuring the steady-state (constant) or terminal velocities of cylindrical needles as they fall through the test liquid under the influence of gravity. Yield stresses of non-Newtonian liquids may be measured using the same procedure.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Materials by a Falling Needle Viscometer

ASTM D1545-98 用起泡时间法测定透明液体粘度的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in bubble seconds by timing. The bubble seconds are approximately equal to stokes for most liquids. 1.2 The test method is applicable to transparent liquids that are free from crystalline or gel particles. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. >

Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method

JIS B 7525:1997 密度流体比重计

この規格は，20℃における密度(kgノm又はg/cmを指示するように目盛られた定質量のガラス製密度浮ひょうの五つの基本的なシリーズについて規定する。

Density hydrometers

ASTM D445-97 透明和不透明液体运动粘度的标准试验方法(包括动态粘度的计算)

1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, , of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, n, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity,p , by the density,v , of the liquid. Note 1--For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D2170 and D2171.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

NF X15-118:1996 空气湿度的测量.湿度计.特性

Measurement of air moisture. Psychrometers. Characteristics.

ASTM D4052-96(2002)e1 数字密度计测定液体密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35176;C. Its application is restricted to liquids with vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below about 15000 cSt (mm 2/s) at the temperature of test.1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D 5002.1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre or kilograms per cubic metre.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 9.1.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

ANSI/ASTM E915:1996 测量剩余应力用的X射线衍射仪验证方法

This test method covers the preparation and use of a flat stress-free test specimen for the purpose of checking the systematic error caused by instrument misalignment or sample positioning in X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement, or both. This test method is applicable to apparatus intended for X-ray diffraction macroscopic residual stress measurement in polycrystalline samples employing measurement of a diffraction peak position in the high-back reflection region, and in which the , 2, and rotation axes can be made to coincide (see ). This test method describes the use of iron powder which has been investigated in round-robin studies for the purpose of verifying the alignment of instrumentation intended for stress measurement in ferritic or martensitic steels. To verify instrument alignment prior to stress measurement in other alloys, base metal powder having the same crystal structure as the alloy should be prepared in similar fashion and used to check instrument alignment at the appropriate diffraction angle. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement

ASTM D5481-96 用多孔毛细管粘度计在高温高剪切率下测量表面粘性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of high-temperature high-shear (HTHS) viscosity of engine oils at a temperature of 150176;C using a multicell capillary viscometer containing pressure, temperature, and timing instrumentation. The shear rate for this test method corresponds to an apparent shear rate at the wall of 1.4 million reciprocal seconds (1.4 10 6 s1). This shear rate has been found to decrease the discrepancy between this test method and other high-temperature high-shear test methods3 used for engine oil specifications. Viscosities are determined directly from calibrations that have been established with Newtonian oils with viscosities from 2 to 5 mPa183;s at 150176;C.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer

ASTM D4052-96 数字密度计测定液体密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35176;C. Its application is restricted to liquids with vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below about 15000 cSt (mm 2/s) at the temperature of test.1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D 5002.1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre or kilograms per cubic metre.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 9.1.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter