Z13 固体废弃物、土壤及其他环境要素采样方法 标准查询与下载

NF X31-412:1994 土质.物理化学分析试样的制备

Soil quality. Pretreatment of samples for physico-chemical analysis.

ASTM D5577-94 再生塑料中污染物分离及鉴别技术的标准导则

1.1 This guide is intended to provide information on available methods for the separation and classification of contaminants such as moisture, incompatible polymers, metals, adhesives, glass, paper, wood, chemicals, and original-product residues in recycled plastic flakes or pellets. Although no specific methods for identification or characterization of foam products are included, foam products are not excluded from this guide. The methods presented apply to post-consumer plastics. 1.2 For specific procedures existing as ASTM test methods, this guide only lists the appropriate reference. Where no current ASTM standard exists, however, this guide gives procedures for the separation or identification, or both, of specific contaminants. Appendix X1 lists the tests and the specific contaminant addressed by each procedure. 1.3 This guide does not include procedures to quantify the contaminants unless this information is available in referenced ASTM standards. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-Although this guide references ISO standards, there is no similar or equivalent ISO standard covering this topic.

Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics

ASTM D5577-94(2003) 再生塑料中污染物分离及鉴别技术的标准导则

Recycled plastic materials may contain incompatible plastic or other undesirable contaminants that could affect the processing or quality, or both, of the plastic prepared for reuse. Techniques to separate and identify incompatible plastics, moisture, chemicals, or original product residues, and solid contaminants such as metals, paper, glass, and wood are essential to the processing of recycled plastic materials. This guide lists existing ASTM and ISO methods plus currently practiced industrial techniques for identification and classification of contaminants in recycled plastics flake or pellets.1.1 This guide is intended to provide information on available methods for the separation and classification of contaminants such as moisture, incompatible polymers, metals, adhesives, glass, paper, wood, chemicals, and original-product residues in recycled plastic flakes or pellets. Although no specific methods for identification or characterization of foam products are included, foam products are not excluded from this guide. The methods presented apply to post-consumer plastics. 1.2 For specific procedures existing as ASTM test methods, this guide only lists the appropriate reference. Where no current ASTM standard exists, however, this guide gives procedures for the separation or identification, or both, of specific contaminants. lists the tests and the specific contaminant addressed by each procedure.1.3 This guide does not include procedures to quantify the contaminants unless this information is available in referenced ASTM standards.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;Although this guide references ISO standards, there is no similar or equivalent ISO standard covering this topic.

Standard Guide for Techniques to Separate and Identify Contaminants in Recycled Plastics

ASTM D5368-93(2006) 固体废弃物样品中溶剂可萃取总含量的重量分析测定试验方法

The TSEC provides a quantitative measure of the total solvent extractable organic content of the solid waste in question. Based upon the TSEC, the extract may be analyzed or further processed (that is, further cleanup or solvent concentration) in preparation for analysis. Thus, the TSEC provides a quantitative measure for optimizing the extractable organic concentration prior to chemical analysis. The TSEC of soil or waste material may be used as a quantitative measure for the screening and selection of samples for chemical analysis. The TSEC may be useful as a simple and relatively inexpensive quantitative indicator of changes occurring in the total extractable organic content of soil or waste materials. The detection limit of the TSEC depends upon the specific procedures employed. Typical detection limits in solvent extracts (that is, without solvent pre-concentration) for Method A are more than 1000 μg/g. For Method B typical detection limits are 20 to 100 μg/g in the solvent extract. For Method C the typical detection limits are 3 to 20 μg/g for solutes in the solvent extract. The sensitivity of the methods can be adjusted by varying the volume of solvent extract prior to gravimetric residue determination. 1.1 These test methods describe standard procedures for gravimetrically determining the total nonvolatile and semi-volatile organic content of solvent extracts from soils or solid wastes. The following methods are included: SectionMethod A-Micro-Determination of TSECMethod B-Evaporating Dish ProcedureMethod C-Boiling Flask Procedure1.2 These methods are used after a solvent extract is obtained from a soil or solid waste. For these methods to be applicable, the extraction solvent must have a boiling point less than that of water at ambient pressure.1.3 The total solvent extractable content (TSEC) of a soil, sediment, sludge, or solid waste depends upon the solvent and method used for the extraction procedure.

Standard Test Methods for Gravimetric Determination of Total Solvent Extractable Content (TSEC) of Solid Waste Samples

ASTM D5369-93(2008)e1 用索格利特萃取法对化学分析用固体废弃物样品的萃取的标准实施规程

This practice provides a general procedure for the solvent extraction of organics from soils, sediments, sludges, and fine-grained solid wastes. It may be used as the initial step in the solvent extraction of organic constituents from waste materials for the purpose of quantifying extractable organic compounds. When the appropriate extraction solvent is used, the procedure can be applied to the determination of the total solvent extractable content (TSEC) of the sample. The extraction of nonvolatile or semivolatile organic compounds from the above solid waste should use solvents listed in Table 1 or SW846 Method 3540. The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the method for specific organic compound analysis will depend upon the method used for instrumental analysis and will also depend upon the sample clean-up and solvent concentration methods used. Typical detection limits that can be achieved for GC or GC/MS are in the parts per million and sub-parts per million range. The method detection limit can be adjusted by varying the volume of extract used and by additional sample clean-up prior to analysis. Soxhlet extraction has an advantage when analyzing solid waste and soil/waste mixtures which form emulsions with more rigorous solvent mixing extraction techniques. TABLE 1 Selected Applications of Soxhlet Extraction for Extraction of Organic Constituents from Solid Matrices Sample MatrixSolventCompounds or ConstituentsExtraction Time, h (cycles)Reference (1) Sediment1,1,1-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon)oil and grease 4 (80) (1)A Plumb (1983) (2) Sludges and similar materials1,1,1-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon)oil and grease 4 (80) (2) Standard Methods (3) Sludges from sewagehexane then methanoltotal organic C oil, grease, fats24 (3) Strachan (1983) (4) Municipal wastewater suspended solids and activated carbonhexane/dichloromethanesemivolatile priority pollutants24 (480) (4) Harrold (1982) (5) Soil and housedustacetone/hexane(1:1)organochlorine insecticides 5 (60) (5) EPA (1980) (6) Sedimentdichloromethanephenols 8 (6) Goldberg (1980) (7) Soila) acetone/n-hexane(1:1)

Standard Practice for Extraction of Solid Waste Samples for Chemical Analysis Using Soxhlet Extraction

TB/T 2321-1992 铁路货车洗刷固体废物处理技术规定

Regulations of technical treatment for washing away solid waste from railway wagons

ASTM D5233-92(2004) 废弃物单批量抽取法的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is applicable to the extraction of samples of treated or untreated solid wastes or sludges, or solidified waste samples, to provide an indication of the leaching potential. 1.2 This test method is intended to provide an extract for measurement of the concentration of the analytes of concern. The measured values may be compared against set or chosen acceptance levels in some applications. 1.3 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and a total analysis of the waste demonstrates that individual analytes are not present in the waste, or that the chosen acceptance concentration levels could not possibly be exceeded, the test method need not be run. 1.4 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and an analysis of any one of the liquid fractions of the extract indicates that the concentration of the target analyte is so high that, even after accounting for dilution from the other fractions of the extract, it would be equal to or above an acceptance concentration level, then the waste fails the test. In such a case it may not be necessary to analyze the remaining fractions of the extract. 1.5 This test method is intended to provide an extract suitable for the measurement of the concentration of analytes that will not volatilize under the conditions of the test method. 1.6 Presence of volatile analytes may be established if an analysis of the extract obtained using this test method detects the target volatile analyte. If its concentration is equal to or exceeds an acceptance level for that analyte, the waste fails the test. However, extract from this test method shall not be used to determine the concentration of volatile organic analytes. 1.7 This test method is intended to describe only the procedure for performing a batch extraction. It does not describe all of the sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with the application of this test method. 1.8 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Note 8.

Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes

ASTM D5232-92(2008) 测定固体、半固体和液体废料稳定性和溶混性的标准试验方法

This test method will identify waste materials that are potentially unstable when they come in contact with other materials at a waste treatment or disposal site. This test method will serve to determine the miscibility of waste materials with various media, including other wastes. This test method may not be applicable to all wastes. The appropriateness of these tests depends upon the proposed management of the waste. Since the initiation of some chemical reactions are slow to take place, the user may wish to establish reagent-to-waste contact times prior to observing the mixes for any reactions.1.1 This test method is designed to determine whether a waste material reacts when it is mixed with air, water, strong acid, strong base, an oil/solvent mixture, other waste mixtures, or solid media such as a geological formation or solidification agents. 1.2 The miscibility of the waste material with the above media can also be defined. Note 18212;The following ASTM standards provide supplemental information: Test Methods D 4978, D 4979, D 4980, D 4981, D 4982, D 5049, D 5057, and D 5058. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Stability and Miscibility of a Solid, Semi-Solid, or Liquid Waste Material

ASTM D5198-92(2003) 固体废弃物的硝酸处理

A knowledge of the inorganic composition of a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a digestion procedure which dissolves many of the toxic inorganic constituents and produces a solution suitable for determination by such techniques as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and so forth. The relatively large sample size aids representative sampling of heterogenous wastes. The relatively small dilution factor allows lower detection limits than most other sample digestion methods. Volatile metals, such as lead and mercury, are not lost during this digestion procedure. Hydride-forming elements, such as arsenic and selenium, may be partially lost. Samples with total metal contents greater than 5 % may give low results. The analyst is responsible for determining whether this practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested.1.1 This practice describes the digestion of solid waste using nitric acid for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents by argon plasma emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption spectroscopy.1.2 The following elements may be solubilized by this practice: aluminummanganese berylliummercury cadmiumnickel chromiumphosphorus coppervanadium ironzinc lead1.3 This practice is to be used when the concentrations of total recoverable elements are to be determined from a waste sample. Total recoverable elements may or may not be equivalent to total elements, depending on the element sought and the sample matrix. Recovery from refractory sample matrices, such as soils, is usually significantly less than total concentrations of the elements present. Note 18212;This practice has been used successfully for oily sludges and a municipal digested sludge standard [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sample No. 397]. The practice may be applicable to some elements not listed above, such as arsenic, barium, selenium, cobalt, magnesium, and calcium. Refractory elements such as silicon, silver, and titanium are not solubilized by this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Nitric Acid Digestion of Solid Waste

ASTM D5231-92(2003) 测定未处理的城市固体废弃物成分的标准试验方法

Waste composition information has widespread applications and can be used for activities such as solid waste planning, designing waste management facilities, and establishing a reference waste composition for use as a baseline standard in both facility contracts and acceptance test plans. The method can be used to define and report the composition of MSW through the selection and manual sorting of waste samples. Where applicable, care should be taken to consider the source and seasonal variation of waste. After performing a waste composition analysis, laboratory analyses may be performed on representative samples of waste components, or mixtures of waste components, for purposes related to the planning, management, design, testing, and operation of resource recovery facilities.1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste (MSW) by employing manual sorting. This test method applies to determination of the mean composition of MSW based on the collection and manual sorting of a number of samples of waste over a selected time period covering a minimum of one week.1.2 This test method includes procedures for the collection of a representative sorting sample of unprocessed waste, manual sorting of the waste into individual waste components, data reduction, and reporting of the results.1.3 This test method may be applied at landfill sites, waste processing and conversion facilities, and transfer stations.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Composition of Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste

ASTM D5232-92(2003) 测定固体的,类似固体的,或液体废弃物成分稳定性和可混合性的标准试验方法

This test method will identify waste materials that are potentially unstable when they come in contact with other materials at a waste treatment or disposal site. This test method will serve to determine the miscibility of waste materials with various media, including other wastes. This test method may not be applicable to all wastes. The appropriateness of these tests depends upon the proposed management of the waste. Since the initiation of some chemical reactions are slow to take place, the user may wish to establish reagent-to-waste contact times prior to observing the mixes for any reactions.1.1 This test method is designed to determine whether a waste material reacts when it is mixed with air, water, strong acid, strong base, an oil/solvent mixture, other waste mixtures, or solid media such as a geological formation or solidification agents.1.2 The miscibility of the waste material with the above media can also be defined.Note 18212;The following ASTM standards provide supplemental information: Test Methods D 4978, D 4979, D 4980, D 4981, D 4982, D 5049, D 5057, and D 5058.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Stability and Miscibility of a Solid, Semi-Solid, or Liquid Waste Material

ASTM D5233-92(2017) 废弃物单批萃取方法的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended to generate an extract with a concentration of the target analyte(s) representative of the expected release under the scenario simulated, and which can be compared with concentration levels acceptable in waste disposal, treatment, or production activities. 5.2 The extraction conditions of the test method were chosen to simulate a potential disposal scenario to which the wastes may be exposed. 5.3 One intent of this test method is that the amount of acid in the extraction fluids reflects the acid available from the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed.7 5.4 One intent of this test method is to not allow the pH of the extraction fluid to be lower than that of the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed. Therefore, the pH of the extraction fluid was chosen with the following considerations: (1) Not to be less than 4.93 ± 0.05 for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of less than the acid available in the total volume of extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 1). (2) At 2.88 ± 0.05, as defined by the pH of the acid, for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of more than the acid available in the extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 2). 5.5 The interpretation and use of the results of this test method are limited by the assumptions of a single co-disposal scenario and by the factors affecting the composition of a landfill leachate and chemical or other differences between a selected extraction fluid and the real landfill leachate. 5.6 This test method may be affected by biological changes in the waste, and it is not designed to isolate or measure the effect of such processes. 5.7 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both minor and major constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples. 5.8 The agitation technique, rate, liquid-to-solid ratio, and filtration conditions specified in the method may not be suitable for extracting all types of wastes. 5.9 This test method is intended to extract the samples in their original physical state as is, without any size reduction. However, the sample/extractor interaction is expected to correlate with the environmental conditions to which a waste may be exposed.8 5.10 The extraction conditions defined by this test method are expected to yield steady-state concentrations, determined by the extraction liquid-to-solid ratio and the duration of the extraction, which m

Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes

ASTM D5233-92(2009) 废弃物单批量抽取法的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to generate an extract with a concentration of the target analyte(s) representative of the expected release under the scenario simulated, and which can be compared with concentration levels acceptable in waste disposal, treatment, or production activities. The extraction conditions of the test method were chosen to simulate a potential disposal scenario to which the wastes may be exposed. One intent of this test method is that the amount of acid in the extraction fluids reflect the acid available from the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed. One intent of this test method is to not allow the pH of the extraction fluid to be lower than that of the leachate of a specific landfill where municipal and industrial wastes were co-disposed. Therefore, the pH of the extraction fluid was chosen with the following considerations: (1) Not to be less than 4.93 ± 0.05 for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of less than the acid available in the total volume of extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 1). (2) At 2.88 ± 0.05, as defined by the pH of the acid, for the extraction of wastes with an acid neutralization capacity of more than the acid available in the extraction fluid used in the method (Extraction Fluid No. 2). The interpretation and use of the results of this test method are limited by the assumptions of a single co-disposal scenario and by the factors affecting the composition of a landfill leachate and chemical or other differences between a selected extraction fluid and the real landfill leachate. This test method may be affected by biological changes in the waste, and it is not designed to isolate or measure the effect of such processes. This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both minor and major constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples. The agitation technique, rate, liquid-to-solid ratio, and filtration conditions specified in the method may not be suitable for extracting all types of wastes. This test method is intended to extract the samples in their original physical state as is, without any size reduction. However, the sample/extractor interaction is expected to correlate with the environmental conditions to which a waste may be exposed. The extraction conditions defined by this test method are expected to yield steady-state concentrations, determined by the extraction liquid-to-solid ratio and the duration of the extraction, which may or may not agree with the concentration of an equilibrium.1.1 This test method is applicable to the extraction of samples of treated or untreated solid wastes or sludges, or solidified waste samples, to provide an indication of the leaching potential. 1.2 This test method is intended to provide an extract for measurement of the concentration of the analytes of concern. The measured values may be compared against set or chosen acceptance levels in some applications. 1.3 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and a total analysis of the waste demonstrates that individual analytes are not present in the waste, or that the chosen acceptance concentration levels could not possibly be exceeded, the test method need not be run. 1.4 If the sole application of the test method is such a pass/fail comparison and an analysis of any one of the liquid fractions of the extract indicates that the concentration of the target analyte is so high that, even after accounting for......

Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes

ASTM D5231-92(2008) 测定未加工的城市固体废弃物成分的标准试验方法

Waste composition information has widespread applications and can be used for activities such as solid waste planning, designing waste management facilities, and establishing a reference waste composition for use as a baseline standard in both facility contracts and acceptance test plans. The method can be used to define and report the composition of MSW through the selection and manual sorting of waste samples. Where applicable, care should be taken to consider the source and seasonal variation of waste. After performing a waste composition analysis, laboratory analyses may be performed on representative samples of waste components, or mixtures of waste components, for purposes related to the planning, management, design, testing, and operation of resource recovery facilities.1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste (MSW) by employing manual sorting. This test method applies to determination of the mean composition of MSW based on the collection and manual sorting of a number of samples of waste over a selected time period covering a minimum of one week. 1.2 This test method includes procedures for the collection of a representative sorting sample of unprocessed waste, manual sorting of the waste into individual waste components, data reduction, and reporting of the results. 1.3 This test method may be applied at landfill sites, waste processing and conversion facilities, and transfer stations. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Composition of Unprocessed Municipal Solid Waste

ASTM D3999-91(2003) 用循环三轴器测定土壤的阻尼特性和模数的标准试验方法

The cyclic triaxial modulus and damping test provides parameters that may be considered for use in dynamic, linear and non-linear analytical methods. These test methods are used for the performance evaluation of both natural and engineered structures under dynamic of cyclic loads such as caused by earthquakes, ocean wave, or blast. One of the primary purposes of these test methods is to obtain data that are used to calculate Youngrsquo;modulus. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.DESIG: D3999 91 (Reapproved 2003) ^TITLE: Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus ^SCOPE:1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the modulus and damping properties of soils in either undisturbed or reconstituted states by either load or stroke controlled cyclic triaxial techniques.1.2 The cyclic triaxial properties of soil are evaluated relative to a number of factors including: strain level, density, number of cycles, material type, saturation, and effective stress.1.3 These test methods are applicable to both fine-grained and coarse-grained soils as defined by the unified soil classification system or by Classification D 2487. Test specimens may be undisturbed or reconstituted by compaction in the laboratory.1.4 Two test methods are provided for using a cyclic loader to determine Young''s modulus (E) and damping (D) properties. The first test method (A) permits the determination of E and D using a constant load apparatus. The second test method (B) permits the determination of E and D using a constant stroke apparatus. The test methods are as follows:1.4.1 Test Method AThis test method requires the application of a constant cyclic load to the test specimen. It is used for determining the Young''s modulus and damping under a constant load condition.1.4.2 Test Method BThis test method requires the application of a constant cyclic deformation to the test specimen. It is used for determining the Young''s modulus and damping under a constant stroke condition.1.5 The development of relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluating test results are left to the engineer or office requesting the test.1.6 LimitationsThere are certain limitations inherent in using cyclic triaxial tests to simulate the stress and strain conditions of a soil element in the field during an earthquake.1.6.1 Nonuniform stress conditions within the test specimen are imposed by the specimen end platens.1.6.2 A 90 change in the direction of the major principal stress occurs during the two halves of the loading cycle on isotropically confined specimens and at certain levels of cyclic stress application on anisotropically confined specimens.1.6.3 The maximum cyclic axial stress that can be applied to a saturated specimen is controlled by the stress conditions at the end of confining stress application and the pore-water pressures generated during testing. For an isotropically confined specimen tested in cyclic compression, the maximum cyclic axial stress that can be applied to the specimen is equal to the effective confining pressure. Since cohe......

Standard Test Methods for the Determination of the Modulus and Damping Properties of Soils Using the Cyclic Triaxial Apparatus

ASTM D5120-90(2004) 活性污泥处理中微生物培养时抑止呼吸的试验方法

The objectives of the respiration inhibition tests may be defined by the interests of the user, but the test method is designed primarily for examination of the inhibition response with operating microbial systems such as an activated sludge process treating domestic or industrial wastes. Different apparatus exist that facilitate continuous or continual measurement of respiration in microbial systems and each may be used as the tool to observe respiration in this test method. Respirometry may utilize any apparatus and technique that will achieve the determination of respiration rate. A number of devices are presented in Appendix X1. Equivalency in the experimental capability of each device is not implied. The analyst should select the respirometric approach that best suits his needs. The inhibitory effect of a test candidate is identified more completely by examining inhibition over a range of concentrations, such as determining the EC50. The use of aerated containers permits concurrent management of a series of cell suspensions. A respirometer for each cell suspension might also be used.1.1 This test method covers a batch procedure that evaluates the impact of selected wastewaters, materials, or specific compounds on the respiration rate of an aqueous microbial culture, such as activated sludge.1.2 Alternative procedures for measurement of microbial activity, such as adenosine 5` triphosphate (ATP), specific substrate utilization, etc. are not within the scope of this test method.1.3 The results obtained are based on comparisons in a specific test series that examines a range of concentrations of the potentially inhibitory test candidate using batch methods in a laboratory. Results are completed in a short time frame (a few hours).1.4 The test results are specific to the microbial culture used. Microbial culture from different wastewater treatment plants will differ in kinds and numbers of organisms, and performance capability. Thus, there is no basis for comparing results for microbial cultures from different treatment facilities.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process

ASTM D5058-90(2007) 废弃物的筛选分析兼容性的试验方法

This test method is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in determining the compatibility of hazardous wastes before they are commingled.1.1 These test methods cover assessment of the compatibility/reactivity of waste. The individual test methods are as follows: SectionsTest Method A-Commingled Waste Compatibility Test Method B-Polymerization Potential (Reaction with Triethylamine)Test Method C-Water Compatibility 1.2 These test methods are applicable to waste liquids, sludges, semi-solids, and solids.1.3 These test methods are designed and intended as a preliminary or supplementary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that should be used to determine waste composition and compatibilities. This standard offers the user the option and the ability to screen wastes for potentially hazardous reactions when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown and to screen compatibility when the composition is known. ( Warning-Delayed or slow reactions of wastes may go unnoticed.)1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard and warning statements, see Sections 1.3, 6.1, 10, 11.2.3, 11.5.2, 16 and 23.

Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Screening Analysis of Waste

ASTM D5057-90(2006) 废弃物的堆积密度和筛选表观比重的试验方法

This test method is intended for use by those in the waste management industries for the determination of apparent specific gravity and bulk density of waste. The apparent specific gravity and bulk density determined by this test method can be used for the conversion of measured volumes to weights. The apparent specific gravity and bulk density, when correlated with other properties, can be used to indicate the character of the waste.1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity and bulk density in waste. For the purpose of this test method, materials to be measured will be classified into three groups:1.1.1 Group A8212;Free-flowing liquids; apparent specific gravity (ASG),1.1.2 Group B8212;Granules, powders and water reactive liquids, solids or sludges; bulk density (BD), and1.1.3 Group C8212;Bulk solids (such as gravel, paper or wood, etc.); apparent specific gravity (ASG).1.2 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine specific gravity. This test method offers to the user the option and the ability to screen waste for apparent specific gravity or bulk density when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Screening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Waste

ASTM D5120-90(2009) 活性污泥处理中微生物培养时抑止呼吸的标准试验方法

The objectives of the respiration inhibition tests may be defined by the interests of the user, but the test method is designed primarily for examination of the inhibition response with operating microbial systems such as an activated sludge process treating domestic or industrial wastes. Different apparatus exist that facilitate continuous or continual measurement of respiration in microbial systems and each may be used as the tool to observe respiration in this test method. Respirometry may utilize any apparatus and technique that will achieve the determination of respiration rate. A number of devices are presented in Appendix X1. Equivalency in the experimental capability of each device is not implied. The analyst should select the respirometric approach that best suits his needs. The inhibitory effect of a test candidate is identified more completely by examining inhibition over a range of concentrations, such as determining the EC50. The use of aerated containers permits concurrent management of a series of cell suspensions. A respirometer for each cell suspension might also be used.1.1 This test method covers a batch procedure that evaluates the impact of selected wastewaters, materials, or specific compounds on the respiration rate of an aqueous microbial culture, such as activated sludge. 1.2 Alternative procedures for measurement of microbial activity, such as adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP), specific substrate utilization, etc. are not within the scope of this test method. 1.3 The results obtained are based on comparisons in a specific test series that examines a range of concentrations of the potentially inhibitory test candidate using batch methods in a laboratory. Results are completed in a short time frame (a few hours). 1.4 The test results are specific to the microbial culture used. Microbial culture from different wastewater treatment plants will differ in kinds and numbers of organisms, and performance capability. Thus, there is no basis for comparing results for microbial cultures from different treatment facilities. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process

ASTM D4980-89(2003) 在废弃物中筛选PH值的试验方法

These test methods are intended for use by those in the waste management industries to characterize waste streams by pH. These methods will identify those waste materials that may dictate a specific waste management procedure due to high acidity or alkalinity.1.1 These test methods are used to determine the pH of a hazardous waste liquid, sludge, semisolid and solid.SectionsTest Method A-pH Screening by pH Paper9-14Test Method B-pH Screening by Electrometric Measurement15-221.2 Test Method A uses a wide-range pH paper for a rapid indication of pH to within about 1 pH unit.1.3 Test Method B uses a pH meter to measure within about 0.1 pH unit.1.4 These test methods are designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine pH. These test methods offer, to the user, the option and the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous levels of acidity and alkalinity when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 6.

Standard Test Methods for Screening of pH in Waste