ASTM E1022-94(2013)
用鱼和海水双壳类软体动物进行生物浓缩试验的标准指南

Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks

被代替

标准号

ASTM E1022-94(2013)

发布

1994年

发布单位

美国材料与试验协会

替代标准

ASTM E1022-22

当前最新

ASTM E1022-22

 

 

引用标准

ASTM D1129 ASTM E1023 ASTM E1191 ASTM E1193 ASTM E1241 ASTM E1295 ASTM E729 ASTM E943 IEEE/ASTM SI 10

适用范围

5.1 A bioconcentration test is conducted to obtain information concerning the ability of an aquatic species to accumulate a test material directly from water. This guide provides guidance for designing bioconcentration tests on the properties of the test material so that each material is tested in a cost-effective manner.

5.2 Because steady-state is usually approached from the low side and the definition of apparent steady-state is based on a statistical hypothesis test, the apparent steady-state BCF will usually be lower than the steady-state BCF. With the variation and sample sizes commonly used in bioconcentration tests, the actual steady-state BCF will usually be no more than twice the apparent BCF.

5.3 When both are determined in the same test, the projected steady-state BCF will usually be higher than the apparent steady-state BCF because the models used to calculate the projected BCF assume that the BCF steadily increases until infinite time.

5.4 The BCFs and rates and extents of uptake and depuration will depend on temperature, water quality, the species and its size, physiological condition, age, and other factors (1).³ Although organisms are fed during tests, uptake by means of sorption onto food is probably negligible during tests.

5.5 Results of bioconcentration tests are used to predict concentrations likely to occur in aquatic organisms in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions, except that mobile organisms might avoid exposure when possible. Under the experimental conditions, particulate matter is deliberately minimized compared to natural water systems. Exposure conditions for the tests may therefore not be comparable for an organic chemical that has a high octanol-water partition coefficient or for an inorganic chemical that sorbs substantially onto particulate matter. The amount of the test substance in solution is thereby reduced in both cases, and therefore the material is less available to many organisms. However, sorption might increase bioaccumulation by aquatic species that ingest particulate matter (2), or food may be a more important source of residues in fish than water per se for stable neutral organic chemicals that have a Log K _ow between 4 and 6 (3) .

5.6 Results of bioconcentration tests can be used to compare the propensity of different materials to be accumulated. Nonionizable organic chemicals can also be ranked for bioconcentration using correlations that have been reported between steady-state BCFs and physical–chemical properties, such as the octanol–water partition coefficient and solubility in water (4). However, when such predictions are impossible, exceed the demonstrated limits of the correlation, or might be otherwise questionable (1,

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