水的微生物学标准-分析测试百科网

ASTM F838-20 测定液体过滤用膜过滤器的细菌保留率的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method determines the bacterial retention characteristics of membrane filters for liquid filtration using Brevundimonas diminuta as the challenge organism. This test method can be used to evaluate any membrane filter system used for liquid sterilization. 1.2 This test method is not intended to be used in performance of productand process-specific validation of the bacterial retention characteristics of membrane filters to be used in pharmaceutical or biopharmaceutical sterilizing filtration, or both. Processand product-specific bacterial retention validation should be carried out using the intended product manufacturing process parameters and the product solution or surrogate as the carrier fluid. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3.1 Exception—The inch-pound values given for units of pressure are to be regarded as standard; SI unit conversions are shown in parentheses. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determining Bacterial Retention of Membrane Filters Utilized for Liquid Filtration

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2020-10-01
实施

ASTM D5465-16(2020) 通过电镀方法测定水中微生物菌落计数的标准做法

1.1 These practices cover recommended procedures for counting colonies and reporting colony-forming units (CFU) on membrane filters (MF) and standard pour and spread plates. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practices for Determining Microbial Colony Counts from Waters Analyzed by Plating Methods

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2020-07-01
实施

EN ISO 11133:2014/A2:2020 食品微生物学,动物饲料和水.营养培养基的制备,生产,存储和性能测试包含修改件A2,2020

Microbiology of food, animal feed and water - Preparation, production, storage and performance testing of culture media - Amendment 2 (ISO 11133:2014/Amd 2:2020)

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2020-05-20
实施: 2020-08-31

ASTM F1094-87(2020) 用于通过直接压力抽头阀和预灭菌塑料袋方法处理电子和微电子器件的水的微生物监测的标准测试方法

1.1 These test methods cover sampling and analysis of high purity water from water purification systems and water transmission systems by the direct sampling tap and filtration of the sample collected in the bag. These test methods cover both the sampling of water lines and the subsequent microbiological analysis of the sample by the culture technique. The microorganisms recovered from the water samples and counted on the filters include both aerobes and facultative anaerobes. 1.2 Three methods are described as follows: Sections Test Method A—Sample Tap—Direct Filtration 6 to 8 Test Method B—Presterilized Plastic Bag Technique 9 to 12 Test Method B2 —Dip Strip Technique2 /Presterilized Plastic Bag 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Methods for Microbiological Monitoring of Water Used for Processing Electron and Microelectronic Devices by Direct Pressure Tap Sampling Valve and by the Presterilized Plastic Bag Method

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2020-04-15
实施

ASTM E1706-20 用淡水无脊椎动物测量沉积物相关污染物毒性的标准试验方法

1.1 Relevance of Sediment Contamination—Sediment provides habitat for many aquatic organisms and is a major repository for many of the more persistent chemicals that are introduced into surface waters. In the aquatic environment, both organic and inorganic chemicals may accumulate in sediment, which can in turn serve as a source of exposure for organisms living on or in sediment. Contaminated sediments may be directly toxic to aquatic life or can be a source of contaminants for bioaccumulation in the food chain. 1.2 Sediment Assessment Tools—Several types of information may be useful in assessing the risk, or potential risk, posed by sediment contaminants, including: (1) chemical analysis of sediment contaminants; (2) sediment toxicity tests, (3) bioaccumulation tests; and (4) surveys of benthic community structure. Each of these provides a different type of information to the assessment, and integrating information from all four lines of evidence may often provide the most robust assessments. 1.3 Strengths of Toxicity Testing of Contaminated Sediments—Directly assessing the toxicity of contaminated sediments provides some of the same advantages to sediment assessment that whole effluent toxicity testing provides to management of industrial and municipal effluents. As for effluent tests, direct testing of sediment toxicity allows the assessment of biological effects even if: (1) the identities of toxic chemicals present are not (or not completely) known; (2) the influence of site-specific characteristics of sediments on toxicity (bioavailability) is not understood; and (3) the interactive or aggregate effects of mixtures of chemicals present are not known or cannot be adequately predicted. In addition, testing the response of benthic or epibenthic organisms exposed via sediment provides an assessment that is based on the same routes of exposure that would exist in nature, rather than only through water column exposure. 1.4 Relating Sediment Exposure to Toxicity—One of the challenges with sediment assessment is that the toxicity of sediment contaminants can vary greatly with differences in sediment characteristics; a bulk sediment concentration (normalized to dry weight) may be sufficient to cause toxicity in one sediment, while the same concentration in another sediment does not cause toxicity (for example, Adams et al. 1985) (1).2 Factors such as the amount and characteristics of the organic carbon present in sediment can alter the bioavailability of many chemicals (Di Toro et al. 1991 (2); Ghosh 2007 (3)), as can other characteristics such as acid volatile sulfide or iron and manganese oxides (Di Toro et al. 1990 (4), Tessier et al. 1996 (5)). Direct measurement of toxicity in contaminated sediments can provide a means to measure the aggregate effects of such factors on the bioavailability of sediment toxicants. 1.5 Understanding the Causes of Sediment Toxicity—While direct testing of sediment toxicity has the advantage of being able to detect the effects of any toxic chemical present, it has the disadvantage of not providing any specific indication of what chemical or chemicals are causing the observed responses. Other techniques, such as spiked-sediment toxicity tests or Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) methods for sediments have been developed and are available to help evaluate cause/effect relationships (USEPA 2007) (6). 1.6 Uses of Sediment Toxicity Tests—Toxicity tests conducted on sediments collected from field locations can be used to: (1) conduct surveys of sediment quality as measured by sediment toxicity; (2) prioritize areas of sediment for more detailed investigation of sediment contamination; (3) determine the spatial extent of sediment toxicity; (4) compare the sensitivity of different organisms to sediment contamination; (5) evaluate the relationship between the degree of sediment contamination and biological effects along a contamination gradient; (6) evaluate the suitability of sediments for removal and placement at other location (for example, dredged material disposal); (7) help establish goals for remedial actions; and (8) assess the effectiveness of remedial actions at reducing sediment toxicity. These applications are generally targeted at 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate. Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1706 – 05(2010). DOI: 10.1520/E1706-20. 2 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 assessing the likely biological effects of bedded sediments at field sites at the time of sampling. However, toxicity testing of natural or artificial sediments spiked with known quantities of chemicals can also be used to evaluate additional questions such as: (1) determining the potency of a chemical to organisms exposed via sediment; (2) evaluating the effect of sediment composition on chemical bioavailability or toxicity; (3) informing chemical-specific risk assessments for chemicals that may accumulate and persist in sediments upon release; (4) establishing regulatory guidance for chemicals in water or sediment. Spiked sediment studies have the advantage of allowing uni-variate experiments in which exposure gradients can be reliably constructed; as such they lend themselves to the derivation of standardized point estimates of effect, such as a median lethal concentration (LC50) or concentration reducing sublethal performance by a specified amount, such as an effect concentration (for example, EC20 estimated to reduce weight of test organisms by 20 %). 1.7 Limitations—While some safety considerations are included in this standard, it is beyond the scope of this standard to encompass all safety requirements necessary to conduct sediment toxicity tests. 1.8 This standard is arranged as follows: Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Methods 4 Significance and Use 5 Interferences 6 Water, Formulated Sediments, Reagents 7 Health, Safety, Waste Management, Biosecurity 8 Facilities, Equipment, and Supplies 9 Sample Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Spiking 10 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 11 Collection, Culturing, and Maintaining the Amphipod Hyalella azteca and the Midge Chironomus dilutus 12 Interpretation of Results and and Reporting 13 Precision and Bias 14 Keywords 15 Annexes Guidance for 10-d Sediment or Water Toxicity Tests with the Amphipod Hyalella azteca Annex A1 Guidance for 42-d Sediment or Water Reproductive Toxicity Tests with the Amphipod Hyalella azteca Annex A2 Guidance for 10-d Sediment or Water Toxicity Tests with the Midge Chironomus dilutus Annex A3 Guidance for Sediment or Water Life Cycle Toxicity Tests with the Midge Chironomus dilutus Annex A4 Guidance for Sediment Toxicity Tests with Juvenile Freshwater Mussels Annex A5 Guidance for Sediment Toxicity Tests with the Midge Chironomus riparius Annex A6 Guidance for Sediment Toxicity Tests with Mayflies (Hexagenia spp). Annex A7 Guidance for Sediment Toxicity Tests with the Oligochaete Tubifex tubifex Annex A8 References 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2020-04-01
实施

ASTM D5246-19 从水中分离和计数铜绿假单胞菌的标准测试方法

1.1 The test method covers the isolation and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Testing was performed on spiked samples using reagent grade water as the diluent from surface waters; recreational waters; ground water, water supplies; especially rural nonchlorinated sources; waste water; and saline waters. The detection limit of this test method is one microorganism per 100 mL. 1.2 This test method was used successfully with reagent water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for surface waters, recreational waters, ground water, rural nonchlorinated sources; waste water; and saline waters. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 10. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Isolation and Enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Water

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2019-12-01
实施

BS ISO 17995:2019 水质耐热弯曲杆菌属的检测与计数

What is ISO 17995 - Enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter about? ISO 17995 discusses water quality with a focus on detection and enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. ISO 17995 specifies a method for the detection, semi-quantitative and quantitative (MPN) enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. ISO 17995 provides a method that is applied to all kinds of waters including drinking water, groundwater and well water, fresh, brackish, and saline surface water, swimming pools, spa and hydrotherapy pools, recreational waters, agricultural waters, and runoff, untreated and treated wastewater, and also sand and other sediments.

Water quality. Detection and enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2019-11-30
实施: 2019-11-30

ISO 17995:2019 水质 - 耐热弯曲杆菌属物种的检测和计数

This document specifies a method for the detection, semi-quantitative and quantitative (MPN) enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. The method can be applied to all kinds of waters including: drinking water, ground water and well water, fresh, brackish and saline surface water, swimming pools, spa and hydrotherapy pools, recreational waters, agricultural waters and runoff, untreated and treated wastewater and also sand and other sediments. This method can be used for the detection of Campylobacter species in a specified sample volume. Clean water samples with low turbidity can be membrane filtered for either a qualitative method, semi- quantitative or quantitative (MPN) method. Water samples with higher turbidity, such as primary and secondary wastewater effluents and sediments, are analysed using the same qualitative, semi- quantitative or quantitative MPN method by direct inoculation of material into bottles or tubes. Sediments can be suspended in a suitable diluent or inoculated directly into enrichment broths. Users wishing to employ this method are expected to verify its performance for the particular matrix under their own laboratory conditions.

Water quality — Detection and enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2019-11-18
实施

ASTM D3862-13(2019) 微生物水质评价用常规过滤程序中使用的0.2-µ；m膜过滤器保留特性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure to test membrane filters for their ability to retain bacteria whose diameter is equal to or slightly larger than the 0.2-µm pore size of the membrane filter. 1.2 The procedures described are for the use of user laboratories as differentiated from manufacturers’ laboratories. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Retention Characteristics of 0.2-µm Membrane Filters Used in Routine Filtration Procedures for the Evaluation of Microbiological Water Quality

ICS: 07.100.20
CCS
发布: 2019-11-01
实施