71.040.50 物理化学分析方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7169-19 用高温气相色谱法测定原油和常减压残渣等残渣样品沸点分布的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography

ASTM D4626-95(2019) 气相色谱响应系数计算的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11 paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

ASTM D1976-19 用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定水中元素的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM E2627-13(2019) 用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）测定完全再结晶多晶材料中平均晶粒尺寸的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice is used to determine grain size from measurements of grain areas from automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans of polycrystalline materials. 1.2 The intent of this practice is to standardize operation of an automated EBSD instrument to measure ASTM G directly from crystal orientation. The guidelines and caveats of E112 apply here, but the focus of this standard is on EBSD practice. 1.3 This practice is only applicable to fully recrystallized materials. 1.4 This practice is applicable to any crystalline material which produces EBSD patterns of sufficient quality that a high percentage of the patterns can be reliably indexed using automated indexing software. 1.5 The practice is applicable to any type of grain structure or grain size distribution. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Determining Average Grain Size Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in Fully Recrystallized Polycrystalline Materials

ASTM E1162-11(2019) 二次离子质谱法（SIMS）中溅射深度剖面数据报告的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the information needed to describe and report instrumentation, specimen parameters, experimental conditions, and data reduction procedures. SIMS sputter depth profiles can be obtained using a wide variety of primary beam excitation conditions, mass analysis, data acquisition, and processing techniques (1-4).2 1.2 Limitations—This practice is limited to conventional sputter depth profiles in which information is averaged over the analyzed area in the plane of the specimen. Ion microprobe or microscope techniques permitting lateral spatial resolution of secondary ions within the analyzed area, for example, image depth profiling, are excluded. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Reporting Sputter Depth Profile Data in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

ASTM E1217-11(2019) 用于确定在俄歇电子能谱仪和一些X射线光电子能谱仪中检测到的信号的样品区域的标准实践

1.1 This practice describes methods for determining the specimen area contributing to the detected signal in Auger electron spectrometers and some types of X-ray photoelectron spectrometers (spectrometer analysis area) when this area is defined by the electron collection lens and aperture system of the electron energy analyzer. The practice is applicable only to those X-ray photoelectron spectrometers in which the specimen area excited by the incident X-ray beam is larger than the specimen area viewed by the analyzer, in which the photoelectrons travel in a field-free region from the specimen to the analyzer entrance. Some of the methods described here require an auxiliary electron gun mounted to produce an electron beam of variable energy on the specimen (“electron-gun method”). Other experiments require a sample with a sharp edge, such as a wafer covered with a uniform clean layer (for example, gold (Au) or silver (Ag)) and cleaved to obtain a long side (“sharp-edge method”). 1.2 This practice is recommended as a useful means for determining the specimen area viewed by the analyzer for different conditions of spectrometer operation, for verifying adequate specimen and beam alignment, and for characterizing the imaging properties of the electron energy analyzer. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Determination of the Specimen Area Contributing to the Detected Signal in Auger Electron Spectrometers and Some X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometers

ASTM E1504-11(2019) 二次离子质谱法（SIMS）中质谱数据报告的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice provides the minimum information necessary to describe the instrumental, experimental, and data reduction procedures used in acquiring and reporting secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) mass spectral data. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Reporting Mass Spectral Data in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

ASTM D7951-19 歧化（TDP）甲苯的标准规范

Standard Specification for Disproportionation (TDP) Toluene

ASTM E1634-11(2019) 溅射坑深度测量的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the preferred procedure for acquiring and post-processing of sputter crater depth measurements. This guide is limited to stylus-type surface profilometers equipped with a stage, stylus, associated scan and sensing electronics, video system for sample and scan alignment, and computerized system. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Guide for Performing Sputter Crater Depth Measurements

ASTM E1635-06(2019) 二次离子质谱（SIMS）中成像数据报告的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice lists the minimum information necessary to describe the instrumental, experimental, and data reduction procedures used in acquiring and reporting images generated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Reporting Imaging Data in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

ASTM E70-19 用玻璃电极测定水溶液pH值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedures for the electrometric measurement of pH values of aqueous solutions with the glass electrode. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared. pH measurements of good precision can be made in aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of electrolytes or water-soluble organic compounds, or both. It should be understood, however, that pH measurements in such solutions are only a semiquantitative indication of hydrogen ion concentration or activity. The measured pH will yield an accurate result for these quantities only when the composition of the medium matches approximately that of the standard reference solutions. In general, this test method will not give an accurate measure of hydrogen ion activity unless the pH lies between 2 and 12 and the concentration of neither electrolytes nor nonelectrolytes exceeds 0.1 mol/L (M). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode

ASTM E307-72(2019) 高温下正常光谱发射率的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a highly accurate technique for measuring the normal spectral emittance of electrically conducting materials or materials with electrically conducting substrates, in the temperature range from 600 to 1400 K, and at wavelengths from 1 to 35 µm. 1.2 The test method requires expensive equipment and rather elaborate precautions, but produces data that are accurate to within a few percent. It is suitable for research laboratories where the highest precision and accuracy are desired, but is not recommended for routine production or acceptance testing. However, because of its high accuracy this test method can be used as a referee method to be applied to production and acceptance testing in cases of dispute. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Normal Spectral Emittance at Elevated Temperatures

ASTM G140-02(2019) 通过湿蜡法测定大气氯化物沉积速率的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers a wet candle device and its use in measuring atmospheric chloride deposition (amount of chloride salts deposited from the atmosphere on a given area per unit time). 1.2 Data on atmospheric chloride deposition can be useful in classifying the corrosivity of a specific area, such as an atmospheric test site. Caution must be exercised, however, to take into consideration the season because airborne chlorides vary widely between seasons. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determining Atmospheric Chloride Deposition Rate by Wet Candle Method

ASTM E1426-14(2019)e1 用X射线衍射技术测定残余应力测量用X射线弹性常数的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for experimentally determining the x-ray elastic constants (XEC) for the evaluation of residual and applied stresses by x-ray diffraction techniques. The XEC relate macroscopic stress to the strain measured in a particular crystallographic direction in polycrystalline samples. The XEC are a function of the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio of the material and the hkl plane selected for the measurement. There are two XEC that are referred to as 1⁄2 S2 hkl and S1 hkl . 1.2 This test method is applicable to all x-ray diffraction instruments intended for measurements of macroscopic residual stress that use measurements of the positions of the diffraction peaks in the high back-reflection region to determine changes in lattice spacing. 1.3 This test method is applicable to all x-ray diffraction techniques for residual stress measurement, including single, double, and multiple exposure techniques. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determining the X-Ray Elastic Constants for Use in the Measurement of Residual Stress Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques

ASTM E406-19 原子发射光谱法中使用受控气氛的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers general recommendations relative to the use of gas shielding during and immediately prior to specimen excitation in atomic emission spectrochemical analysis. It describes the concept of excitation shielding, the means of introducing gases, and the variables involved with handling gases. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Using Controlled Atmospheres in Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D7515-19 1,3-丙二醇纯度的标准试验方法（气相色谱法）

1.1 This test method describes the gas chromatographic determination of purity for 1,3-propanediol (PDO). This test method was originally developed to determine the purity of 1,3-propanediol used for the application as the freeze point depressant base fluid in formulated PDO engine coolants. Use of the method for purity of PDO for other applications may be viable. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception—Inch-pound units (psi) are used in Table 1, Pressure Program, Options A and B. 1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Purity of 1,3-Propanediol (Gas Chromatographic Method)

ASTM E260-96(2019) 填充柱气相色谱的标准实践

1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a general guide to the application of gas chromatography (GC) with packed columns for the separation and analysis of vaporizable or gaseous organic and inorganic mixtures and as a reference for the writing and reporting of GC methods. NOTE 1—This practice excludes any form of gas chromatography associated with open tubular (capillary) columns. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8 and 9.1.3. 1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography

ASTM E697-96(2019) 在气相色谱中使用电子捕获检测器的标准实践

1.1 This practice covers the use of an electron-capture detector (ECD) as the detection component of a gas chromatographic system. 1.2 This practice is intended to describe the operation and performance of the ECD as a guide for its use in a complete chromatographic system. 1.3 For general gas chromatographic procedures, Practice E260 or Practice E1510 should be followed except where specific changes are recommended in this practice for use of an ECD. For a definition of gas chromatography and its various terms, see Practice E355. These standards also describe the performance of the detector in terms which the analyst can use to predict overall system performance when the detector is coupled to the column and other chromatographic components. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see Section 3. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Use of Electron-Capture Detectors in Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5910-05(2019) 用液相色谱法测定乳液聚合物中游离甲醛的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is used for the determination of free formaldehyde (HCHO) in emulsion polymers without upsetting existing formaldehyde equilibria. The procedure has been evaluated using acrylic, acrylonitrile-butadiene, carboxylated styrene-butadiene and polyvinyl acetate emulsion polymers. This test method may also be applicable for emulsion polymers of other compositions. The established working range of this test method is from 0.05 to 15 ppm formaldehyde. Emulsion polymers must be diluted to meet the working range. 1.2 This test method minimizes changes in free formaldehyde concentration that can result from changes in the physical or chemical properties of an emulsion polymer. 1.3 There are no known limitations to this test method when used in the manner described. The emulsion polymer test specimen must be prepared with a diluent that has a pH similar to that of the emulsion. Use of an inappropriate pH may upset formaldehyde equilibria and result in incorrect formaldehyde levels. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Formaldehyde in Emulsion Polymers by Liquid Chromatography

ASTM D6591-19 中间馏分油中芳烃类型测定的标准试验方法&x2014；折射率检测高效液相色谱法

1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of monoaromatic, di-aromatic, tri+-aromatic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contents in diesel fuels and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 150 °C to 400 °C. The total aromatic content in % m/m is calculated from the sum of the corresponding individual aromatic hydrocarbon types. NOTE 1—Aviation fuels and petroleum distillates with a boiling point range from 50 °C to 300 °C are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6379 or other suitable equivalent test methods. 1.2 The precision of this test method has been established for diesel fuels and their blending components, containing from 4 % to 40 % (m/m) mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 20 % (m/m) di-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 6 % (m/m) tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0 % to 26 % (m/m) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and 4 % to 65 % (m ⁄m) total aromatic hydrocarbons. 1.3 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated diand poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents. 1.4 By convention, this standard defines the aromatic hydrocarbon types on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Quantification is by external calibration using a single aromatic compound, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics in the sample, for each aromatic hydrocarbon type. Alternative techniques and methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently. 1.5 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), if present, interfere with tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons. If this method is used for diesel containing FAME, the amount of tri+-aromatics will be over estimated. 1.6 This test method includes a Relative Bias section for Test Method D6591 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D6591 for diesel fuels only. The applicable concentration ranges of the correlations are presented in the Relative Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges. 1.7 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that do not contain biodiesel. 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography. This test method is based on material published in IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000 Parts, copyright The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR. Adapted with permission of The Institute of Petroleum. Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6591 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D6591-19. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection