N04 基础标准与通用方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM E691-12 开展实验室间研究以确定试验方法精度的标准实施规程

5. Significance and UseTop Bottom 5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. 5.2 Test Method and Protocol???In this practice, the term ???test method??? is used both for the actual measurement process and for the written description of the process, while the term ???protocol??? is used for the directions given to the laboratories for conducting the ILS. 5.3 Observations, Test Determinations and Test Results: 5.3.1 A test method often has three distinct stages, the direct observation of dimensions or properties, the arithmetic combination of the observed values to obtain a test determination, and the arithmetic combination of a number of test determinations to obtain the test result of the test method. In the simplest of test methods a single direct observation is both the test determination and the test result. For example, the test method may require the measurement of the mass of a test specimen prepared in a prescribed way. Another test method may require the measurement of the area of the test specimen as well as the mass, and then direct that the mass be divided by the area to obtain the mass per unit area of the specimen. The whole process of measuring the mass and the area and calculating the mass per unit area is a test determination. If the test method specifies that only one test determination is to be made, then the test determination value is the test result of the test method. Some test methods require that several determinations be made and the values obtained be averaged or otherwise combined to obtain the test result of the test method. Averaging of several determinations is often used to reduce the effect of local variations of the property within the material. 5.3.2 In this practice, the term ???test determination??? is used both for the process and for the value obtained by the process, except when ???test determination value??? is needed for clarity. 5.3.3 The number of test determinations required for a test result should be specified in each individual test method. The number of test results required for an interlaboratory study of a test method is specified in the protocol of that study. 5.4 Test Specimens and Test Units???In this practice a test unit is the total quantity of material needed for obtaining a test result as specified by the test method. The portion of the test unit needed for obtaining a single test determination is called a test specimen. Usually a separate test specimen is required for each test determination. 5.5 Precision, Bias, and Accuracy of a Test Method: 5.5.1 When a test meth..........

Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ASTM E2335-12 实验室监测的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides a general outline, for use by a laboratory monitor, to assess the qualifications of a laboratory which has requested to participate in a specific ASTM interlaboratory test. 1.2 The preliminary assessment is based on observations made before initiation of any interlaboratory tests. 1.3 The subcommittee, which appoints the laboratory monitor, specifies the minimum requirements which an organization should meet to qualify as a participant for the interlaboratory test. If a pretest is to be included, see details in Section 13. 1.4 This fire standard can not be used to provide quantitative measures. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Laboratory Monitors

ASTM E2480-12 开展实验室间研究以便用多值被测对象测定试验方法精度的标准实施规程

ASTM regulations require precision statements for all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the information needed to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177 and the “Blue Book.”1.1 This practice describes the techniques for planning, conducting, and analyzing the results of an interlaboratory study (ILS) conducted for certain test methods within Committee E12. 1.2 This practice does not concern itself with the development of the test method but rather with the gathering of the information needed for the precision and bias statement after the completion of development of the test method. The data obtained in the ILS may indicate, however, that further effort is needed to improve the test method. 1.3 This practice is concerned exclusively with test methods that derive a multi-valued measurand, such as, but not limited to, spectral reflectance, transmittance function, tristimulus values, or RGB values. Variation in measurements of such multi-valued measurands are usually analyzed by reducing the data to a single-valued parameter, such as color difference, ΔE. 1.4 This practice covers methods of dealing with the non-normal distribution of the variation of sets of color-differences. This is done so that the user may derive valid statistics from such non-normal distributions. 1.5 This practice does not cover test methods, even in Committee E12, whose measurands are single-valued, or whose variations are known to be normally distributed. Task groups involved with such test methods are referred to Practice E691 which contains preferable methods of analyzing data with those properties. 1.6 This practice is not intended to establish a method for estimating possible color-difference tolerances. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method with Multi-Valued Measurands

ANSI/SCTE 58-2012 调幅(AM)交叉调制测量

AM Cross Modulation Measurements

ANSI/SCTE 75-2012 测试点精确度

This document describes a procedure for evaluating the accuracy of internal and external RF test points as used to monitor input and output ports of Cable Telecommunications equipment.

Test Point Accuracy

ANSI/ASTM F2277:2012 对选定强力设备设计和性能特征进行评定的试验方法

Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment

ANSI/ISA 84.91.01-2012 加工工业中仪表化安全功能的识别和机械完整性

Identification and Mechanical Integrity of Instrumented Safety Functions in the Process Industry

ASTM E691-11 实验室研究测定试验方法精度的标准操作规程

ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177. Test Method and Protocol8212;In this practice, the term “test method” is used both for the actual measurement process and for the written description of the process, while the term “protocol” is used for the directions given to the laboratories for conducting the ILS. Observations, Test Determinations and Test Results: 5.3.1 A test method often has three distinct stages, the direct observation of dimensions or properties, the arithmetic combination of the observed values to obtain a test determination, and the arithmetic combination of a number of test determinations to obtain the test result of the test method. In the simplest of test methods a single direct observation is both the test determination and the test result. For example, the test method may require the measurement of the mass of a test specimen prepared in a prescribed way. Another test method may require the measurement of the area of the test specimen as well as the mass, and then direct that the mass be divided by the area to obtain the mass per unit area of the specimen. The whole process of measuring the mass and the area and calculating the mass per unit area is a test determination. If the test method specifies that only one test determination is to be made, then the test determination value is the test result of the test method. Some test methods require that several determinations be made and the values obtained be averaged or otherwise combined to obtain the test result of the test method. Averaging of several determinations is often used to reduce the effect of local variations of the property within the material. In this practice, the term “test determination” is used both for the process and for the value obtained by the process, except when “test determination value” is needed for clarity. The number of test determinations required for a test result should be specified in each individual test method. The number of test results required for an interlaboratory study of a test method is specified in the protocol of that study. Test Specimens and Test Units8212;In this practice a test unit is the total quantity of material needed for obtaining a test result as specified by the test method. The portion of the test unit needed for obtaining a single test determination is called a test specimen. Usually a separate test specimen is required for each test determination. Precision, Bias, and Accuracy of a Test Method: 5.5.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material, that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained nevertheless will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test method for that material. Numerical measures of the variability between such test results provide inverse measures of the precision of the test method. Greater variability implies smaller (that is, poorer) precision and larger imprecision. This practice ......

Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method

ASTM D6956-11 化学分析测量系统提供分析结果是否与他们预期用途一致的证明和评定标准指南

This guide is intended for use by both generators and users of analytical results. It is intended to promote consistent demonstration and documentation of the quality of the measurement results and facilitate determination of the validity of measurements for their intended use. This guide specifies documentation that a laboratory should supply with the analytical results to establish that the resulting measurements: (1) meet measurement quality requirements; (2) are suitable for their intended use; and (3) are technically defensible. While the guide describes information that the measurement results provider needs to give the user/decision maker, in order for measurement providers to supply data users with appropriate data, information is needed from the data user. Examples of information that the user should provide to the laboratory, in addition to the analytes of concern (including the form of the analyte that is to be determined, for example, total lead, dissolved lead, organic lead, inorganic lead), include but are not limited to: Type of material (that is, matrixfresh or salt water, coal fly ash, sandy loam soil, wastewater treatment sludge), Maximum sample holding time, Projected sampling date and delivery date to the laboratory, Method of chemical preservation (for example, not preserved, chemical used), Chain-of-custody requirements, if any, Analytical methods that must be used, if any, Measurement quality requirements expressed as DQOs or MQOs and action limits, Allowable interferences as described in 10.4, Documentation requirement, and Subcontracting restrictions/requirements. Users/decision makers should consult with the laboratory about these issues during the analytical design stage. This will allow the design of sample collection process and project schedule to accommodate the laboratory activities necessary to determine the desired level of measurement quality. The number of samples, budgets, and schedules should also be discussed.1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating the quality of analytical chemical measurement results from the application of a measurement system (that is, method or sequence of methods) to the analysis of environmental samples of soil, water, air, or waste. The purpose of such measurements can include demonstrating compliance with a regulatory limit, determining whether a site is contaminated above some specified level, or determining treatment process efficacy. 1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used to assess a measurement system used to generate analytical results for a specific purpose. Users and reviewers of the analytical results can determine, with a known level of confidence, if they meet the quality requirements and are suitable for the intended use. 1.3 This protocol does not address the general components of laboratory quality systems necessary to ensure the overall quality of laboratory operations. For such systems, the user is referred to International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 17025 or the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) laboratory accreditation standards. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results Consistent with Their Intended Use

ASTM E1577-11 用于表面分析的离子束参数报告的标准指南

Ion beams are utilized in surface analysis in two ways. First, they can generate signals from the specimen, for example, in SIMS and ISS. Second, they can remove material from the specimen surface while a surface analytical technique determines the composition of the freshly exposed surface. This process is called sputter depth profiling. Ideally, this guide requires reporting all characteristics of the ion beam that can possibly affect the results so that the measurement can be reproduced.1.1 This guide covers the information needed to characterize ion beams used in surface analysis. 1.2 This guide does not cover all information required to perform a sputter depth profile (see referenced documents), specify any properties of the specimen except its surface normal, and discuss the rationale for choosing a particular set of ion beam parameters (1,7). This guide does assume that the ion flux has a unique direction, that is, is an ion beam, rather than a wide spectrum of velocity vectors more typical of a plasma. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Reporting of Ion Beam Parameters Used in Surface Analysis

ASTM E2254-11 动态机械分析仪存储模数校正的标准试验方法

This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of a dynamic mechanical analyzer at an isothermal temperature within the range of -100 to 300 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis experiments often use temperature ramps. This method does not address the effect of that change in temperature on the storage modulus. A calibration factor may be required to obtain corrected storage modulus values. This method may be used in research and development, specification acceptance, and quality control or assurance.1.1 This test method describes the calibration or performance confirmation for the storage modulus scale of a commercial or custom built dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) over the temperature range of -100 to 300 °C using reference materials in the range of 1 to 200 GPa. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers

ASTM E1767-11 指定描述材料外观观察和测量几何体的标准操作规程

This practice is for the use of manufacturers and users of equipment for visual appraisal or measurement of appearance, those writing standards related to such equipment, and others who wish to specify precisely conditions of viewing or measuring attributes of appearance. The use of this practice makes such specifications concise and unambiguous. The functional notation facilitates direct comparisons of the geometric specifications of viewing situations and measuring instruments.1.1 This practice describes the geometry of illuminating and viewing specimens and the corresponding geometry of optical measurements to characterize the appearance of materials. It establishes terms, symbols, a coordinate system, and functional notation to describe the geometric orientation of a specimen, the geometry of the illumination (or optical irradiation) of a specimen, and the geometry of collection of flux reflected or transmitted by the specimen, by a measurement standard, or by the open sampling aperture.1.2 Optical measurements to characterize the appearance of retroreflective materials are of such a special nature that they are treated in other ASTM standards and are excluded from the scope of this practice.1.3 The measurement of transmitted or reflected light from areas less than 0.5 mm in diameter may be affected by optical coherence, so measurements on such small areas are excluded from consideration in this practice, although the basic concepts described in this practice have been adopted in that field of measurement.1.4 The specification of a method of measuring the reflecting or transmitting properties of specimens, for the purpose of characterizing appearance, is incomplete without a full description of the spectral nature of the system, but spectral conditions are not within the scope of this practice. The use of functional notation to specify spectral conditions is described in ISO 5/1.

Standard Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of Materials

DIN EN 15273-3:2010 轨道交通.测量仪器.第3部分:建筑限界.德文版本EN 15273-3-2009

Railway applications - Gauges - Part 3: Structure gauges; German version EN 15273-3:2009

DIN EN 15273-1:2010 轨道交通.测量仪器.第1部分:总论.基础设施和全部车辆的一般规则.德文版本EN 15273-1-2009

Railway applications - Gauges - Part 1: General - Common rules for infrastructure and rolling stock; German version EN 15273-1:2009

NF X21-069-2:2010 表面化学分析.词汇.第2部分:扫描探针显微镜用术语.

Surface chemical analysis - Vocabulary - Part 2 : terms used in scanning-probe microscopy.

DIN ISO 11843-5:2010 检测性能.第5部分:线性和非线性校准情况的方法体系(ISO 11843-5-2008).德文和英文文本

Capability of detection - Part 5: Methodology in the linear and non-linear calibration cases (ISO 11843-5:2008); Text in German and English

ASTM D6067-10 环境厂址表征用电子锥形透度计的标准使用指南

Environmental site characterization projects almost always require information regarding subsurface soil stratigraphy and hydraulic parameters related to ground water flow rate and direction. Soil stratigraphy often is determined by various drilling procedures and interpreting the data collected on borehole logs. The electronic piezocone penetrometer test is another means of determining soil stratigraphy that may be faster, less expensive, and provide greater resolution of the soil units than conventional drilling and sampling methods. For environmental site characterization applications, the electronic piezocone also has the additional advantage of not generating contaminated cuttings that may present other disposal problems (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15). Investigators may obtain soil samples from adjacent borings for correlation purposes, but prior information or experience in the same area may preclude the need for borings (1). Most cone penetrometer rigs are equipped with direct push soil samplers (Guide D6282) that can be used to confirm soil types. The electronic piezocone penetration test is an in situ investigation method involving: Pushing an electronically instrumented probe into the ground (see Fig. 1 for a diagram of a typical cone penetrometer). The position of the pore pressure element may vary but is typically located in the u2 position (Test Method D5778). Recording force resistances, such as tip resistance, local friction, and pore water pressure. Data interpretation. The most common use of the interpreted data is stratigraphy based on soil behavior types. Several charts are available. A typical CPT soil behavior type classification chart is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 (9). The first step in determining the extent and motion of contaminants is to determine the subsurface stratigraphy. Since the contaminants will migrate with ground water flowing through the more permeable strata, it is impossible to characterize an environmental site without valid stratigraphy. Cone penetrometer data has been used as a stratigraphic tool for many years. The pore pressure channel of the cone can be used to determine the depth to the water table or to locate perched water zones. Hydraulic conductivity can be estimated based on soil behavior type (Figs. 4 and 5). These estimates span two to three orders of magnitude. Alternately, pore pressure data (4.5) can be used for refined estimates of hydraulic conductivity. When attempting to retrieve a soil gas or water sample, it is advantageous to know where the bearing zones (permeable zones) are located. Although soil gas and water can be retrieved from on-bearing zones such as clays, the length of time required usually makes it impractical. Soil gas and water samples can be retrieved much faster from permeable zones, such as sands. The cone penetrometer tip and friction data generally can identify and locate the bearing zones and nonbearing zones less than a foot thick very accurately. The electronic cone penetrometer test is used in a variety of soil types. Lightweight equipment with reaction weights of less than 10 tons generally are limited to soils with relatively small grain sizes. Typical depths obtained are 20 to 40 m, but depths to over 70 m with heavier equipment weighing 20 tons or more are not uncommon. Since penetration is a direct result of vertical forces and does not include rotation or drilling, it cannot be utilized in rock or heavily cemented soils. Depth capabilities are a function of many factors including:1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigr......

Standard Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization

KS Q ISO 11843-4:2009 检测能力.第4部分:最小可检测值与给定值相比对的方法

이 표준에서는 선형 교정곡선에 대한 KS Q ISO 11843-2에서의 가정 및 잔차 표준

Capability of detection－Part 4：Methodology for comparing the minimum detectable value with a given value

DIN EN 62419:2009 控制技术 测量仪器的命名规则

Control technology - Rules for the designation of measuring instruments (IEC 62419:2008); German version EN 62419:2009

ISO/IEC GUIDE 98-3:2008/Suppl 1:2008/Cor 1:2009 测量的不确定性. 第3部分: 测量不确定性的表达指南 (GUM-1995) 补充内容1: 使用蒙特卡洛法进行测定分布传播. 技术勘误表1

Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3/Suppl.1:2008 was prepared by Working Group 1 of the JCGM.

Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) - Supplement 1: Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method; Technical Corrigendum 1