N51 物性分析仪器 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1403-10 用四分之一和二分之一标度的锥度设备测定润滑脂的锥体针入度的标准试验方法

These test methods are applicable to greases of National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) consistency numbers 0 to 4 and is intended for use only where the size of the sample prevents the use of Test Methods D217. Actual reduced-scale penetration values are not used or reported. They are converted to full-scale penetration values (see Sections 9 and 10). This test method is not intended to replace the full-scale penetration as described in Test Methods D217. Precision is better in the full-scale penetration method. Worked penetration results, after conversion to full-scale values, may be used to establish the consistency of lubricating greases within the above NLGI consistency numbers. The results obtained from these test methods are widely used for specification purposes, however, no correlation with field performance has been established. Unworked penetration results provide a means of evaluating the effect of storage conditions on grease consistency.1.1 These test methods cover two procedures for measuring the consistency of small samples of lubricating greases by penetration of a ¼-scale cone or a ½-scale cone. These test methods include procedures for the measurement of unworked and worked penetrations. 1.2 Unworked penetrations do not generally represent the consistency of greases in use as effectively as do worked penetrations. The latter are usually preferred for inspecting lubricating greases. 1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. In the United States, the equipment dimensions stated in inches are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone Equipment

ASTM D7042-10 通过Stabinger粘度计(和动态粘滞度的计算)测定液体的动态粘滞度和浓度的标准测试方法

Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications. Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, η, and the density, ρ, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ν, can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, η, by the density, ρ, obtained at the same test temperature. 1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). 1.3 While the precision has only been determined for base oils in the viscosity range from 2.05 to 456 mPa·s at 40°C and from 0.83 to 31.6 mPa·s at 100°C and in the density range from 0.82 to 0.92 g/mL at 15°C (see 15.4), the test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Precision and Bias (Section 15), the precision and bias may not be applicable. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3). 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)

ASTM D5481-10 用多孔毛细管粘度计在高温高剪切率下测量表面粘性的标准试验方法

Viscosity is an important property of fluid lubricants. The viscosity of all fluids varies with temperature. Many common petroleum lubricants are non-Newtonian: their viscosity also varies with shear rate. The usefulness of the viscosity of lubricants is greatest when the viscosity is measured at or near the conditions of shear rate and temperature that the lubricants will experience in service. The conditions of shear rate and temperature of this test method are thought to be representative of those in the bearing of automotive engines in severe service. Many equipment manufacturers and lubricant specifications require a minimum high-temperature high-shear viscosity at 150°C and 106 s−1. The shear rate in capillary viscometers varies across the radius of the capillary. The apparent shear rate at the wall for this test method is increased to compensate for the variable shear rate.3 This test was evaluated in an ASTM cooperative program. 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of high-temperature high-shear (HTHS) viscosity of engine oils at a temperature of 150°C using a multicell capillary viscometer containing pressure, temperature, and timing instrumentation. The shear rate for this test method corresponds to an apparent shear rate at the wall of 1.4 million reciprocal seconds (1.4 × 106 s−1). This shear rate has been found to decrease the discrepancy between this test method and other high-temperature high-shear test methods3 used for engine oil specifications. Viscosities are determined directly from calibrations that have been established with Newtonian oils with viscosities from 2 to 5 mPa-s at 150°C. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 The centiPoise (cP) is a non-SI metric unit of viscosity that is numerically equal to the milliPascal-second (mPa-s). 1.2.2 Pounds per square inch (psi) is a non-SI unit of pressure that is approximately equal to 6.895 kPa. These units are provided for information only in 6.1.1, 7.3, 9.1.2.1, and the tables. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary Viscometer

ASTM E1079-10 透射密度计校准的标准规程

This practice provides a means for calibrating transmission densitometers used for the measurement of radiographic film density. A transmission densitometer calibrated in accordance with this practice provides the assurance that accurate density values of radiographs are obtained.1.1 This practice covers the calibration of transmission densitometers used to perform radiographic film density measurements (see Note 1). 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;For further information on the design and use of densitometers, the following literature is suggested as additional background information: ISO 5–1:2009, ISO 5–2:2009, and ISO 14807:2001.

Standard Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitometers

ASTM D1200-10 福特粘度杯法测定粘度的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for the determination of package and application viscosities of a number of paints and other coatings and in the thinning of these materials, but is limited to Newtonian or near-Newtonian liquids. There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that produce more accurate results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of Newtonian or near-Newtonian paints, varnishes, lacquers, and related liquid materials with the Ford-type efflux viscosity cup. If the material is non-Newtonian, that is, shear-thinning or thixotropic, Test Method D2196 should be used. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

ASTM D2196-10 转动粘度计(Brookfield型)法测定非牛顿材料的流变性质的标准试验方法

Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement. With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing viscometer speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s−1. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer

ASTM E100-10 ASTM流体比重计标准规范

1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM Test Methods in which they are used. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

ASTM D4212-10 浸式粘度杯测定粘度的标准试验方法

Viscosity is a measure of the fluidity of a material. Viscosity data are useful in the determination of the ease of stirring, pumping, dip coating, or other flow-related properties of paints and related fluids. This type of cup is used to measure viscosity because it is easy to use, robust, and may be used in tanks, reservoirs, and reactors. There are other types of apparatus for measuring viscosity in the laboratory that provide better precision and bias, including the Ford viscosity cup (Test Method D1200), and the Brookfield viscometer (Test Methods D2196). Certain higher shear rate devices such as cone/plate viscometers (Test Method D4287) provide more information about sprayability, roll coatability, and other high-shear rate related properties of coatings.1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, and related liquid materials by dip-type viscosity cups. This test method is recommended for viscosity control work within one plant or laboratory and should be used to check compliance with specifications only when sufficient controls have been instituted to ensure adequate comparability of results. 1.2 Viscosity cups are designed for testing of Newtonian and near-Newtonian liquids. If the test material is non-Newtonian, for example, shear-thinning or thixotropic, another method, such as Test Methods D2196, should be used. Under controlled conditions, comparisons of the viscosity of non-newtonian materials may be helpful, but viscosity determination methods using controlled shear rate or shear stress are preferred. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

JJG 845-2009 原棉水分测定仪检定规程

本规程适用于电阻式原棉水分测定仪的首次检定、后续检定和使用中检验。型式评价的计量特性的要求可参照本规程。

Verification Regulation of Raw Cotton Moisture Tester

JJF 1229-2009 质量密度计量名词术语及定义

本规范以供制定、修订质量计量技术法规使用，在质量计量工作的其他方面及相关领域亦可参考使用。

Mass and Density Terms in Metrology and Their Definitions

JJG 1050-2009 X、γ射线骨密度仪检定规程

本规程适用于双能X射线骨密度仪、γ射线单光子骨密度仪的首次检定、后续检定和使用中检验。本规程不适用于单能X射线骨密度仪和周围双能X射线骨密度仪。

Verification Regulation of X、gamma-ray Densitometry for Bone Mineral Density

DIN EN ISO 15212-2 Berichtigung 1:2009 摆动型密度计.第2部分:均质液体用过程测量仪器(ISO 15212-2-2002).德文版本EN ISO 15212-2-2002.勘误表DIN EN ISO 15212-2-2002-07.德文版本EN ISO 15212-2-2002/AC-2009

Oscillation-type density meters - Part 2: Process instruments for homogeneous liquids (ISO 15212-2:2002); German version EN ISO 15212-2:2002, Corrigendum to DIN EN ISO 15212-2:2002-07; German version EN ISO 15212-2:2002/AC:2009

DIN EN ISO 15212-1 Berichtigung 1:2009 摆动式密度计.第1部分:实验室仪器(ISO 15212-1-1998).德文版本EN ISO 15212-1-1999.勘误表DIN EN ISO 15212-1-1999-06-德文版本EN15212-1-1999/AC-2009

Oscillation-type density meters - Part 1: Laboratory instruments (ISO 15212-1:1998); German version EN ISO 15212-1:1999, Corrigendum to DIN EN ISO 15212-1:1999-06; German version EN ISO 15212-1:1999/AC:2009

ANSI/AWWA C670-2009 在线氯分析仪操作&维护

This standard describes online chlorine analyzer operation and maintenance (O&M) when the online chlorine analyzer is used in the treatment and monitoring of potable water, reclaimed water, or wastewater.

Online Chlorine Analyzer Operation & Maintenance

ASTM D4052-09 数字密度计测定液体密度,相对密度和API度的标准试验方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15°C.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API Gravity of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at the temperature of test, utilizing either manual or automated sample injection equipment. Its application is restricted to liquids with total vapor pressures (see Test Method D5191) typically below 100 kPa and viscosities (see Test Method D445 or D7042) typically below about 15 000 mm2/s at the temperature of test. The total vapor pressure limitation however can be extended to >100 kPa provided that it is first ascertained that no bubbles form in the U-shaped, oscillating tube, which can affect the density determination. Some examples of products that may be tested by this procedure include: gasoline and gasoline-oxygenate blends, diesel, jet, basestocks, waxes, and lubricating oils. 1.1.1 Waxes were not included in the 1999 interlaboratory study (ILS) sample set that was used to determine the current precision statements of the method, since all samples evaluated at the time were analyzed at a test temperature of 15ºC. Wax samples require a temperature cell operated at elevated temperatures necessary to ensure a liquid test specimen is introduced for analysis. Consult instrument manufacturer instructions for appropriate guidance and precautions when attempting to analyze wax sample types. Refer to the Precision and Bias section of the method and Note 6 for more detailed information about the 1999 ILS that was conducted. 1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee method is the one where samples are introduced manually as in 6.3 or 6.4, as appropriate for sample type. 1.3 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use Test Method D5002. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard, unless stated otherwise, such as the “torr” units of pressure in Eq 1. The accepted units of measure for density are grams per millilitre (g/mL) or kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3). 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 10.3.

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

ASTM D5478-09 落针粘度计测定材料粘度的标准试验方法

These test methods are applicable for measuring the rheological properties of varnishes and paints. In particular, the low to moderate shear rate measurements provide information related to sag resistance, leveling, etc.1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of the viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. These test methods are applicable to liquids having viscosities in the range from 5 × 10−4 to 103 Pa·s (0.5 to 106 cP). The shear rate range is dependent upon the needle used and viscosity of the liquid and may vary from 10−4 to 103 s−1. 1.2 The yield stress of liquids having this property may also be determined. 1.3 These test methods consist of determining liquid viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (clear or opaque) by measuring the steady-state (constant) or terminal velocities of cylindrical needles as they fall through the test liquid under the influence of gravity. Yield stresses of non-Newtonian liquids may be measured using the same procedure. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Viscosity of Materials by a Falling Needle Viscometer

JJG 1045-2008 泥浆密度计检定规程

本规程适用于机械式及电子式泥浆密度计的首次检定、后续检定和使用中检验。其他原理和此类似的泥浆密度计可参照本规程校准。

Verification Regulation of Mud Density Meter

JJG 701-2008 熔点测定仪检定规程

本规程适用于熔点测定仪（以下简称仪器）的首次检定、后续检定和使用中的检验。熔点测定仪包括毛细管法熔点测定仪和热台法熔点测定仪。

Verification Regulation of Melting-point Measurement Instruments

ISO 15212-2:2002/cor 1:2008 振荡式密度计.第2部分:均质液体用过程测量仪器.技术勘误表1

Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO 15212-2:2002 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48, Laboratory equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Density measuring instruments.

Oscillation-type density meters - Part 2: Process instruments for homogeneous liquids; Technical Corrigendum 1

ISO 15212-1:1998/cor 1:2008 振荡式密度计.第1部分:实验室仪器.技术勘误表1

Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO 15212-1:1998 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48, Laboratory equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Density measuring instruments.

Oscillation-type density meters - Part 1: Laboratory instruments; Technical Corrigendum 1