N53 电化学、热化学、光学式分析仪器 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2108-10 用X射线光电子分光计测定电子能量捆绑刻度的标准实施规程

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used extensively for the surface analysis of materials. Elements (with the exception of hydrogen and helium) are identified from comparisons of the binding energies determined from photoelectron spectra with tabulated values. Information on chemical state can be derived from the chemical shifts of measured photoelectron and Auger-electron features with respect to those measured for elemental solids. Calibrations of the BE scales of XPS instruments are required for four principal reasons. First, meaningful comparison of BE measurements from two or more XPS instruments requires that the BE scales be calibrated, often with an uncertainty of about 0.1 eV to 0.2 eV. Second, identification of chemical state is based on measurement of chemical shifts of photoelectron and Auger-electron features, again with an uncertainty of typically about 0.1 eV to 0.2 eV; individual measurements, therefore, should be made and literature sources need to be available with comparable or better accuracies. Third, the availability of databases (3) of measured BEs for reliable identification of elements and determination of chemical states by computer software requires that published data and local measurements be made with uncertainties of about 0.1 eV to 0.2 eV. Finally, the growing adoption of quality management systems, such as, ISO 9001:2000, in many analytical laboratories has led to requirements that the measuring and test equipment be calibrated and that the relevant measurement uncertainties be known. The actual uncertainty of a BE measurement depends on instrument properties and stability, measurement conditions, and the method of data analysis. This practice makes use of tolerance limits ±δ (chosen, for example, at the 95 % confidence level) that represent the maximum likely uncertainty of a BE measurement, associated with the instrument in a specified time interval following a calibration (ISO 15472:2001). A user should select a value of δ based on the needs of the analytical work to be undertaken, the likely measurement and data-analysis conditions, the stability of the instrument, and the cost of calibrations. This practice gives information on the various sources of uncertainty in BE measurements and on measurements of instrumental stability. The analyst should initially choose some desired value for δ and then make tests, as described in 8.14 to determine from subsequent checks of the calibration whether BE measurements are made within the limits ±δ. Information is given in Appendix X1 on how to evaluate for a material of interest the uncertainty of a BE measurement that is associated with the uncertainty of the calibration procedure. This information is provided for four common analytical situations. It is important to note that some BE measurements may have uncertainties larger than δ as a result of poor counting statistics, large peak widths, uncertainties associated with peak synthesis, and effects of surface charging. Instrument settings typically selected for analysis should be used with this practice. Separate calibrations should be made if key operating conditions, such as choices of analyzer pass energy, aperture sizes, or X-ray source, are varied. Settings not specified in this practice are at the discretion of the user, but those same settings should be recorded and consistently used whenever this practice is repeated in order that the current results will be directly comparable to the previous results. All of the operations described in Section 8 should be performed the first time that the BE scale ......

Standard Practice for Calibration of the Electron Binding-Energy Scale of an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer

ASTM E2744-10 热分析仪压力校准的标准试验方法

Most thermal analysis experiments are conducted under ambient pressure conditions using isothermal or temperature time rate of change conditions where time or temperature is the independent parameter. Some experiments, however, are conducted under reduced or elevated pressure conditions where pressure is an independent experimental parameter (Test Method E537). Oxidation Induction Times (Test Methods D5483, D5885, D6186, and E1858), Oxidation Onset Temperature (Test Method E2009), and the Vapor Pressure (Test Method E1782) are other examples of experiments conducted under elevated or reduced pressure (vacuum) conditions. Since in these cases pressure is an independent variable, the measurement system for this parameter shall be calibrated to ensure interlaboratory reproducibility. The dependence of experimental results on pressure is usually logarithmic rather than linear. 1.1 This test method describes the calibration or performance confirmation of the electronic pressure signals from thermal analysis apparatus. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pressure Calibration of Thermal Analyzers

JJG 1051-2009 电解质分析仪检定规程

本规程适用于采用离子选择电极法测定K+、Na+、CI（上标-）离子浓度的医用电解质分析仪的首次检定、后续检定和使用中检验。

Verification Regulation of Electrolyte Analyzers

ASTM E2113-09 热力分析仪长度变化校准的测试方法

Performance verification or calibration is essential to the accurate determination of quantitative dimension change measurements. This test method may be used for instrument performance validation, regulatory compliance, research and development and quality assurance purposes.1.1 This test method describes calibration of the length change (deflection) measurement or thermal expansion of thermomechanical analyzers (TMA) within the temperature range from -150 to 1000 °C using the thermal expansion of a suitable reference material. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This test method differs from ISO standard 11359-1 by providing an alternative calibration procedure. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers

ASTM E925-09 光谱狭缝宽度不超过2nm的紫外线-可见光分光光度计的校准监测的标准实施规程

This practice permits an analyst to compare the performance of an instrument to the manufacturer''s supplied performance specifications and to verify its suitability for continued routine use. It also provides generation of calibration monitoring data on a periodic basis, forming a base from which any changes in the performance of the instrument will be evident.1.1 This practice covers the parameters of spectrophotometric performance that are critical for testing the adequacy of instrumentation for most routine tests and methods within the wavelength range of 200 to 700 nm and the absorbance range of 0 to 2. The recommended tests provide a measurement of the important parameters controlling results in spectrophotometric methods, but it is specifically not to be inferred that all factors in instrument performance are measured. 1.2 This practice may be used as a significant test of the performance of instruments for which the spectral bandwidth does not exceed 2 nm and for which the manufacturer''s specifications for wavelength and absorbance accuracy do not exceed the performance tolerances employed here. This practice employs an illustrative tolerance of ±1 % relative for the error of the absorbance scale over the range of 0.2 to 2.0, and of ±1.0 nm for the error of the wavelength scale. A suggested maximum stray radiant power ratio of 4 × 10-4 yields <1 % absorbance bias at an absorbance of 2. These tolerances are chosen to be compatible with many chemical applications while comfortably exceeding the uncertainty of the certified values for the reference materials and typical manufacturer''s specifications for error in the wavelength and absorbance scales of the instrument under test. The user is encouraged to develop and use tolerance values more appropriate to the requirements of the end use application. This procedure is designed to verify quantitative performance on an ongoing basis and to compare one instrument''s performance with that of other similar units. Refer to Practice E275 to extensively evaluate the performance of an instrument. 1.3 This practice should be performed on a periodic basis, the frequency of which depends on the physical environment within which the instrumentation is used. Thus, units handled roughly or used under adverse conditions (exposed to dust, chemical vapors, vibrations, or combinations thereof) should be tested more frequently than those not exposed to such conditions. This practice should also be performed after any significant repairs are made on a unit, such as those involving the optics, detector, or radiant energy source. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Slit Width does not Exceed 2 nm

JJG 291-2008 覆膜电极溶解氧测定仪检定规程

本规程适用于量程范围为（O～20）mg/L的实验室和便携式覆膜电极溶解氧测定仪（以下简称仪器）的首次检定、后续检定和使用中检验。

Verification Regulation of Dissolved Oxygen Meter with Covered-Membrane-Electrode

ASTM E1682-08 阴极射线管式(CRT)视觉显示装置的色度性能建模的标准指南

The color displayed on a VDU is an important aspect of the reproduction of colored images. The VDU is often used as the design, edit, and approval medium. Images are placed into the computer by some sort of capture device, such as a camera or scanner, modified by the computer operator, and sent on to a printer or color separation generator, or even to a paint dispenser or textile dyer. The color of the final product is to have some well-defined relationship to the original. The most common medium for establishing the relationship between input, edit, and output color (device-independent color space) is the CIE tristimulus space. This guide identifies the procedures for deriving a model that relates the digital computer settings of a VDU to the CIE tristimulus values of the colored light emitted by the primaries. 1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the relationship between the digital information supplied by a computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical description of this relationship can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual Display Unit

ASTM D7418-07 油状态监测用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪的调定与操作的标准实施规程

This practice describes to the end user how to collect the FT-IR spectra of in-service oil samples for in-service oil condition monitoring. Various in-service oil condition monitoring parameters, such as oxidation, nitration, soot, water, ethylene glycol, fuel dilution, gasoline dilution, sulfate by-products and phosphate antiwear additives, can be measured by FT-IR spectroscopy (5-8), as described in Practice E 2412. Changes in the values of these parameters over operating time can then be used to help diagnose the operational condition of various machinery and equipment and to indicate when an oil change should take place. This practice is intended to give a standardized configuration for FT-IR instrumentation and operating parameters employed in in-service oil condition monitoring in order to obtain comparable between-instrument and between-laboratory data.1.1 This practice covers the instrument set-up and operation parameters for using FT-IR spectrometers for in-service oil condition monitoring for both direct trend analysis and differential trend analysis approaches. 1.2 This practice describes how to acquire the FT-IR spectrum of an in-service oil sample using a standard transmission cell and establishes maximum allowable spectral noise levels. 1.3 Measurement and integrated parameters for individual in-service oil condition monitoring components and parameters are not described in this practice and are described in their respective test methods. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring

ASTM E1306-07 测定化学成分用电弧溶化法制备金属及合金式样的标准实施规程

This sampling practice is useful for converting chips, turnings, and wires taken from ingots or other solid materials into a homogeneous solid sample suitable for direct excitation on an optical emission or X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The resultant button may itself be chipped to provide samples for plasma emission, atomic absorption, and wet chemical analysis. This practice has been used extensively for the preparation of zirconium, zirconium alloy, titanium, and titanium alloy materials, and is applicable to other reactive, refractory, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, such as cobalt, cobalt alloys, columbium (niobium), nickel, nickel alloys, stainless steels, tantalum, tool steels, and tungsten.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of solid samples of reactive and refractory metals and alloys by electric arc remelting. The samples for melting may be in the form of chips, turnings, wires, and sponge. Powdered metals need to be compacted before melting.1.1.1 This practice is also suitable for preparation of solid samples of other metals, such as steels, stainless steels, tool steels, nickel, nickel alloys, cobalt, and cobalt alloys by electric arc remelting.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.

Standard Practice for Preparation of Metal and Alloy Samples by Electric Arc Remelting for the Determination of Chemical Composition

AS/NZS 4782.3:2006 双盖荧光灯.性能规范.第3部分:荧光灯中汞含量的定量分析规程

This part of the Standard outlines a procedure for quantitative analysis of mercury present in fluorescent lamps that are used in general lighting service and which are covered within the scope of AS/NZS 4782.1 and AS/NZS 60901. The testing method specifies the procedures that can be used to determine accurately the mercury content in a fluorescent lamp in which mercury is introduced as the medium for discharge between the electrodes. The method involves the chemical digestion of the mercury contained within a lamp and the determination of that mercury content on a per unit basis. This is achieved using a method of solubilization of the entire mercury content contained within the tube using acidic digestion methods and the accurate determination of that mercury content using standard mercury solutions. This will allow comparisons between lamps in batches and comparisons with other internationally accepted standards for mercury content in fluorescent lamps. This Interim Standard covers methods of determination of mercury by wet chemical analysis. This Interim Standard does not apply to fluorescent lamps that are intended for special purposes as stated in Clause 1.2 of AS/NZS 4782.2.

Double-capped fluorescent lamps— Performance specifications Part 3: Procedure for quantitative analysis of mercury present in fluorescent lamps

JJG 768-2005 发射光谱仪

本规程适用于发射光谱仪(以下简称仪器)的首次检定、后续检定和使用中检验。仪器的定型鉴定和样机试验中有关计量性能试验可参照本规程进行。

Emission Spectrometer

JB/T 6242-2005 荧光光度计

本标准规定了荧光光度计(以下简称“荧光计”)的分类、要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输、贮存等。 本标准适用于以滤光片获得单色光的、作非连续取样定量分析用的荧光计。

Fluorescence photometer

ASTM E2108-05 X-射线光电分光仪的电子结合能刻度表校准的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes a procedure for calibrating the electron binding-energy (BE) scale of an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer that is to be used for surface analysis with unmonochromated aluminum or magnesium K X-rays or monochromated aluminum K X rays.1.2 It is recommended that the BE scale be calibrated after the instrument is installed or modified in any substantive way. Also, it is recommended that the instrumental BE scale be checked, and if necessary, recalibrated at intervals chosen to ensure that BE measurements are statistically unlikely to be made with greater uncertainty than a tolerance limit, specified by the analyst, based on the instrumental stability and the analyst''s needs. Information is provided by which an analyst can select an appropriate tolerance limit for the BE measurements and the frequency of calibration checks.1.3 This practice is based on the assumption that the BE scale of the spectrometer is sufficiently close to linear that the BE scale can be calibrated by measurements of reference photoelectron lines made near the extremes of the working BE scale. In most commercial instruments, X-ray sources with aluminum or magnesium anodes are employed and BEs are typically measured over the 0-1000 eV range. This practice can be used for the BE range from 0 eV to 1040 eV.1.4 The assumption that the BE scale is linear is checked by a measurement made with a reference photoelectron line or Auger-electron line that appears at an intermediate position. A single check is a necessary but not sufficient condition for establishing linearity of the BE scale. Additional checks can be made with specified reference lines on instruments equipped with magnesium or unmonochromated aluminum X-ray sources, with secondary BE standards, or by following the procedures of the instrument manufacturer. Deviations from BE-scale linearity can occur because of mechanical misalignments, excessive magnetic fields in the region of the analyzer, or imperfections or malfunctions in the power supplies. This practice does not check for, nor identify, problems of this type.1.5 After an initial check of the BE-scale linearity and measurements of the repeatability standard deviation for the main calibration lines for a particular instrument, a simplified procedure is given for routine checks of the calibration at subsequent times.1.6 This practice is recommended for use with X-ray photoelectron spectrometers operated in the constant-pass-energy or fixed-analyzer-transmission mode and for which the pass energy is less than 200 eV; otherwise, depending on the configuration of the instrument, a relativistic equation could be needed for the calibration equation. The practice should not be used for instruments operated in the constant-retardation-ratio mode at retardation ratios less than 10, for instruments with an energy resolution worse than 1.5 eV, or in applications for which BE measurements are desired with tolerance limits of 0.03 eV or less.1.7 On instruments equipped with a monochromated aluminum K X-ray source, a measurement of the position of a specified Auger-electron line can be used, if desired, to determine the average energy of the X rays incident on the specimen. This information is needed for the determination of modified Auger parameters.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calibration of the Electron Binding-Energy Scale of an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer

ASTM E1682-05 直观显示装置比色特性模拟的标准指南

The color displayed on a VDU is an important aspect of the reproduction of colored images. The VDU is often used as the design, edit, and approval medium. Images are placed into the computer by some sort of capture device, such as a camera or scanner, modified by the computer operator, and sent on to a printer or color separation generator, or even to a paint dispenser or textile dyer. The color of the final product is to have some well-defined relationship to the original. The most common medium for establishing the relationship between input, edit, and output color (device-independent color space) is the CIE tristimulus space. This guide identifies the procedures for deriving a model that relates the digital computer settings of a VDU to the CIE tristimulus values of the colored light emitted by the primaries. 1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the relationship between the digital information supplied by a computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical description of this relationship can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2176 standard colorimetric (photopic) observer. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a Visual Display Unit

AS/NZS 4872.2:2004 双盖荧光灯.性能规范.第2部分:最低能效标准(MEPS)

This Standard specifies Minimum Energy Performance standard (MEPS) requirements for double-capped (FD and FDH) tubular fluorescent lamps with a nominal length of 550 mm to 1500 mm and having nominal lamp wattage of 16 watts or more, that are within the scope of AS/NZS 4782.1.

Double-capped fluorescent lamps— Performance specifications Part 2: Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS)

AS/NZS 4782.2:2004 双头荧光灯．性能规范．最低能效标准（MEPS）

Specifies performance and energy efficiency specifications for tubular fluorescent lamps of length 550 mm to 1500 mm both inclusive with wattage of 16 watts or more that are within the scope of AS/NZS 4782.1.

Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance specifications - Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS)

IEC PAS 62129:2004 光谱分析仪的校正

Calibration of optical spectrum analyzers

AS/NZS 4872.1:2004 双盖荧光灯.性能规范.第1部分:总则(IEC 60081-2000 MOD)

This International Standard specifies the performance requirements for double-capped fluorescent lamps for general lighting service. The requirements of this standard relate only to type testing. Conditions of compliance, including methods of statistical assessment, are under consideration.

Double-capped fluorescent lamps— Performance specifications Part 1: General (IEC 60081:2000 MOD)

ASTM E2056-04 使用代用品混合物校正的多变量分析中使用的分光计和分光光度计鉴定的标准规程

This practice should be used by the developer of standard test methods that employ surrogate calibrations. 5.1.1 This practice assists the test method developer in setting and documenting requirements for the spectrometer/spectrophotometers that can perform the test method. 5.1.2 This practice assists the test method developer in setting and documenting spectral data collection and computation parameters for the test method. 5.1.3 This practice assists the test method developer in selecting among possible multivariate analysis procedures that could be used to establish the surrogate calibration. The practice describes statistical tests that should be performed to ensure that all multivariate analysis procedures that are allowed within the scope of the test method produce statistically indistinguishable results. 5.1.4 This practice describes statistical calculations that the test method developer should perform on the calibration and qualification data that should be collected as part of the ILS that establishes the test method precision. These calculations establish the level of performance that spectrometers/spectrophotometers must meet in order to perform the test method. This practice describes how the person who calibrates a spectrometer/spectrophotometer can test the performance of said spectrometer/spectrophotometer to determine if the performance is adequate to conduct the test method. This practice describes how the user of a spectrometer/spectrophotometer can qualify the spectrometer/spectrophotometer to conduct the test method.1.1 This practice relates to the multivariate calibration of spectrometers and spectrophotometers used in determining the physical and chemical characteristics of materials. A detailed description of general multivariate analysis is given in Practice E1655. This standard refers only to those instances where surrogate mixtures can be used to establish a suitable calibration matrix. This practice specifies calibration and qualification data set requirements for interlaboratory studies (ILSs), that is, round robins, of standard test methods employing surrogate calibration techniques that do not conform exactly to Practices E1655.Note 1--For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described in Practices E1655, they do not conform to procedures described therein, specifically with respect to the handling of outliers.1.2 This practice specifies how the ILS data is treated to establish spectrometer/spectrophotometer performance qualification requirements to be incorporated into standard test methods.Note 2--Spectrometer/spectrophotometer qualification procedures are intended to allow the user to determine if the performance of a specific spectrometer/spectrophotometer is adequate to conduct the analysis so as to obtain results consistent with the published test method precision.1.2.1 The spectroscopies used in the surrogate test methods would include but not be limited to mid- and near-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies.1.2.2 The surrogate calibrations covered in this practice are: multilinear regression (MLR), principal components regression (PCR) or partial least squares (PLS) mathematics. These calibration procedures are described in detail in Practices E1655.1.3 For surrogate test methods, this practice recommends limitations that should be placed on calibration options that are allowed in the test method. Specifically, this practice recommends that the test method developer demonstrate that al......

Standard Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using Surrogate Mixtures

ASTM E1790-04 近红外线定性分析的标准规程

1.1 This practice covers the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the qualitative analysis of liquids and solids. The practice is written under the assumption that most NIR qualitative analyses will be performed with instruments designed specifically for this region and equipped with computerized data handling algorithms. In principle, however, the practice also applies to work with liquid samples using instruments designed for operation over the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and mid-infrared (IR) regions if suitable data handling capabilities are available. Many Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) (normally considered mid-IR instruments) have NIR capability, or at least extended-range beamsplitters that allow operation to 1.2 [mu]m; this practice also applies to data from these instruments. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative Analysis