Y45 皮革加工与制品综合 标准查询与下载

KS M ISO 17236:2008 皮革.物理和机械试验.伸长度测定

이 표준은 가죽의 팽창률을 측정하기 위한 방법에 대하여 규정한다. 이 시험방법은 실내 장식

Leather－Physical and mchanical tests－Determination of extension set

KS M ISO 17233:2008 皮革.物理和机械试验.表面涂层冷裂温度的测定

이 표준은 가죽에 적용한 표면 피막의 저온 균열 온도를 측정하기 위한 방법에 대하여 규정한

Leather－Physical and mchanical tests－Determination of cold crack temperature of surface coatings

KS M ISO 17227:2008 皮革.物理和机械试验.皮革耐干热性的测定

이 표준은 전처리한 가죽의 건식 내열성을 측정하기 위한 방법에 대하여 규정한다. 이 시험방

Leather－Physical and mchanical tests－Determination of dry heat resistance of leather

KS M ISO 17229:2008 皮革.物理和机械试验.水蒸气吸收率的测定

이 표준은 가죽의 수증기 흡수도를 측정하기 위한 방법에 대하여 규정한다. 이 시험방법은 모

Leather-Physical and mchanical tests-Determination of water vapour absorption

KS M ISO 17235:2008 皮革.物理和机械试验.软化度测定

이 표준은 가죽의 유연성을 측정하는 비파괴 방법에 대하여 규정한다. 이 시험방법은 딱딱하지

Leather-Physical and mchanical tests-Determination of softness

ISO 4048:2008 皮革.化学试验.可溶于二氯甲烷和游离脂肪酸的物质的测定

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the substances in leather which are soluble in dichloromethane. This method is applicable to all types of leather. Not all fatty and similar substances can be extracted from leather with organic solvents; they may be in part soluble and partly bound to the leather. On the other hand, the solvent can dissolve non-fatty substances, e.g. sulfur and impregnants, both of which cause difficulty in the determination of the acid value and saponification value of the fat. This International Standard includes two techniques for extraction of the fatty substances: 1) extraction using the Soxhlet apparatus; and 2) extraction using a pressurized extraction system. As the extraction is frequently done in conjunction with determination of the free fatty acid content of the leather, a suitable procedure for determination of the free fatty acids extracted by this method is included. The apparatus and technique described in this method are also suitable for the extraction by solvents other than dichloromethane (although the temperature conditions may need to be varied for high pressure extraction).

Leather - Chemical tests - Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane and free fatty acid content

ISO 4045:2008 皮革.化学试验.pH值的测定

This International Standard specifies a method for determining the pH value and the difference figure of an aqueous leather extract. It is applicable to all types of leather.

Leather - Chemical tests - Determination of pH

ISO 4044:2008 皮革.化学试验.化学试样的制备

This International Standard specifies a method for the preparation of a test sample of leather for chemical analysis. This method is applicable to all types of leather.

Leather - Chemical tests - Preparation of chemical test samples

GOST R 53242-2008 皮革.化学测试.pH值测定方法

Leather. Chemical tests. Determination of pH

ASTM D6657-08 测定湿铬鞣革的pH值的标准试验方法

This test method is designed to measure the pH of a distilled-water extract of wet blue. This is considered to be a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the wet blue. Excessive acidity or alkalinity may have a deleterious effect on the aging characteristics of wet blue and the leather made from it. This test method is suitable for development, control, and service evaluation of wet blue.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pH of all types of wet blue and wet white. 1.2 For pH of wet white, the procedure is identical, substitute wet white for wet blue in the standard method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Wet Blue

ASTM D6715-08 用盐保存(腌干)兽皮的理化检测取样和准备的标准实施规程

The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of salt-preserved hides and skins for physical and chemical tests. Salt-preserved hides are natural products and as such are subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical properties vary considerably depending on location on that specific hide, side, or skin from which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice defines these parameters. In general, tests carried out upon salt-preserved hides require composite lot samples generated using the preparation methods described within this practice. Subsequent tests typically require those composite samples to be in two forms: Expressed Hide Fluid8212;where residual hide fluid is pressed from each de-haired and cleaned individual hide sample, then equal volumes of each extracted fluid are blended together to create the composite sample. Hide Material Sample8212;where equal quantities of de-haired and cleaned hide material are blended together to create a representative composite sample.1.1 This practice covers the sampling and preparation of salt-preserved (cured) hides for physical and chemical tests. The hides or skins to be tested are grouped into lots. Each lot is randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of that lot. This lot sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Salt Preserved (Cured) Hides and Skins for Chemical and Physical Tests

ASTM D6658-08 通过烘炉干燥测定湿铬鞣革的挥发性物质(湿度)的标准试验方法

The result obtained by this test is normally considered to be the moisture content of the wet blue or wet white sample. This result is used to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis. Materials that are volatile under these conditions, other than water, may be present in the wet blue, although their amount in any normal wet blue would be expected to be a very small percentage of the total volatile matter. Under the conditions of this test, certain materials in wet blue, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, may retain moisture. Other materials, such as natural animal fats, may be oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors in the moisture determination. The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by a given sample varies with (a) method and time of sample preparation, (b) weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of the oven drying, (d) type of oven (gravity versus mechanical convection) used. Because of the above unknown errors, the result of this test is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of the sample. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results among laboratories. This is particularly true if other chemical analytical tests being performed on the same sample are reported on the moisture-free basis.1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile matter (moisture) in all types of wet blue and wet white. 1.2 This test method was originally developed for wet blue, however, this test method can be used to test wet white. For wet white testing, substitute the term wet white for wet blue in the standard. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet Blue by Oven Drying

ASTM D7476-08 盐保存(腌制)兽皮卤水饱和度的试验方法

This test method is intended to evaluate whether sufficient salt (NaCl) has been retained by the hides or skins to slow down degradation by bacterial (enzymatic) action, and to slow down autolysis by inherent enzymatic action, until they are preserved by a tanning process. Note 28212;Osmosis occurs during brine curing because moisture is drawn out by salt through the epidermis. Low moisture (< 40 %) in the hides does not necessarily indicate poor cure. A hide may have low moisture due to osmosis; to increased fat content; or to drying out conditions. In all instances the hides would still show adequate cure if the moisture was saturated to approximately 85 % salt, because the ash: moisture ratio would be adequate.1.1 This test method covers the estimation of degree of saturation of the brine content of cured (salt-preserved) hides and skins containing 40 % or more moisture. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Brine Saturation Value of Cured (Salt-Preserved) Hides and Skins

ASTM D7477-08 测定淹没在沸水中蓝湿皮的区域稳定性的标准试验方法

Determination of the hydro-thermal area stability of wet blue provides information concerning the efficacy of the tanning process as well as the adequacy of the wet blue for intended end use applications where area stability is a particular requirement. Relative area stability of chrome-tanned leather is a requirement for many applications such as bookbinding, shoe and boot components, upholstery, seals and gaskets, etc. This test method is suitable for use in development work and process control in the tannery and for specification testing of wet blue for domestic and international commercial purposes.1.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for determination of the dimensional stability or area shrinkage of a specimen of wet blue that is submersed in boiling water for a specified time period. This test method is applicable to all types of wet blue. 1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in Boiling Water

ASTM D6716-08 湿蓝皮中总灰分的标准试验方法

This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in wet blue. This may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed-chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the wet blue may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method D 6714.) The specified temperature of 600°C is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalis and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in wet blue and wet white. 1.2 For total ash in wet white, the procedure is identical; substitute wet white for wet blue in the standard. 1.3 Total ash in wet blue may be reported upon a number of different bases (for example, fat-free, moisture-free, as received, excluding chromium, and so forth). Before proceeding with any tests, it is very important to determine upon which basis that the total ash is to be reported and to identify all other test methods that will be required to be executed in order to achieve the determined reporting method. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue

GOST R 52957-2008 已加工毛皮和羊皮革.机械试验方法

Dressed fur and sheepskins. Mechanical test methods

ASTM D6076-08 皮革缩小温度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which a thoroughly wetted leather specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the leather. The shrinkage temperature of leather is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of leather is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular leather (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of leather. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98°C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98°C. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Leather

KS M ISO 11641:2007 皮革.色牢度试验.耐汗渍的色牢度

이 규격은 공정의 모든 단계에서 모든 종류의 가죽에 땀이 묻었을 때 변퇴색 상태를 결정하는

Leather－Tests for color fastness－Color fastness to perspiration

KS M ISO 11644:2007 皮革.涂层的附着试验

1.1 가죽이 도장된 방식에 따라 가죽의 도장 접착력은 사용하는 동안 도장층 가죽으로부터

Leather－Test for adhesion of finish

KS M ISO 11643:2007 皮革的色牢度试验.小样品耐干洗液的色牢度

이 규격은 아직 사용되지도 않고 드라이클리닝도 안 된 가죽 제품에 대해 드라이클리닝 용액에

Leather－Tests for color fastness－Color fastness of small samples to dry-cleaning solutions