P12 工程水文 标准查询与下载

ISO 11329:2001 水文测验 潮水河悬移质泥沙测量

This International Standard deals with the method and techniques for the sampling of suspended sediment and esti-mation of sediment transport rates in natural and man-made channels influenced by tidal action.

Hydrometric determinations - Measurement of suspended sediment transport in tidal channels

ISO 4375:2000 水文测定.用于水流水文测量的索道装置

This International Standard defines the requirements for equipment, anchorage, supports and accessories for cableway systems for use in stream gauging. Systems which are operated either entirely from the river bank or from a suspended personnel carriage (also called a "cable car") are discussed. This International Standard does not concern methods for making a discharge measurement which are described in ISO 748.

Hydrometric determinations - Cableway system for stream gauging

ISO 8368:1999 水文测验 应用建筑物做明渠水流测量 建筑物选择指南

This International Standard gives guidelines for selection of a particular type of flow-gauging structure for measurement of liquid flow in open channels. It sets out the factors, and summarizes the parameters which may influence such a selection. NOTE In general, a flow-gauging structure is used when high accuracy is required for continuous records of flow.

Hydrometric determinations - Flow measurements in open channels using structures - Guidelines for selection of structure

SL/T 232-1999 动态流量与流速标准装置校验方法

本方法适用于新建立、使用中和改造后的称量式标准管嘴型动态流量、流速标准装置的校验。 本方法所述动态流量、流速标准装置，是指专供水工、河工和港工模型试验中流量、流速量测仪器的校验用设备。

Verification method of dynamic liquid discharge and flow velocity facilities

ISO 11329:1998 液体比重测定.感潮航道中悬浮泥砂迁移的测量

Hydrometric determinations - Measurement of suspended sediment transport in tidal channels

ISO/TR 11332:1998 水文测验 不稳定河流和季节性河流

This Technical Report deals with the measurement of stage and discharge and the establishment and operation of a gauging station on an unstable channel and/or ephemeral stream. It covers additional requirements and general considerations specifically related to sand-channel streams that are described in the measurement methods in the International Standards noted in clause 2.

Hydrometric determinations - Unstable channels and ephemeral streams

DL/T 5084-1998 电力工程水文技术规程

Technical code of hydrology for electrical power projects

YB/T 9033-1998 供水水文地质勘察和供水管井工程.检查、和质量评定标准

Inspection - Acception Regulation and Quality Evaluation Standard for Water Supplying Projects of Hydrogeological Investigation and Water Wells

BOCA IOTFDC-1998 CHAPTER 28-1998 太阳能系统

The provisions requiring that the excavation left when an unfit structure has been removed be filled in is an obvious, but often neglected means of protecting the public health and safety.

Solar Systems

ISO 4364:1997 明渠水流测量 河床质取样

This International Standard gives guidance on methods for sampling of both non-cohesive sand bed material and cohesive bed material (both of which may contain some fine gravel), principally for the purpose of determining the grain size frequency distribution of the bed material in open channels. NOTE — Other publications of relevance to samplers and sampling techniques are listed in the bibliography in annex A.

Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Bed material sampling

SL 196-1997 水文调查规范

本规范适用于各类水文站的面上调查和辅助水文站的水文测验。

Code for hydrologic investigation

SL 195-1997 水文巡测规范

本规范适用于天然河流、湖泊、水库、人工河渠、潮汐影响和水工程附近河段的水文测验、调查和资料分析整理。

Standard for hydrological research

BS 3680-3B:1997 明渠流量测量.第3部分:河川流量测量.第B节:水文测量站建立和工作指南

Deals with the establishment of a gauging station on a lake, reservoir, river or open channel, for the measurement of stage, or discharge, or both.

Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Stream flow measurement - Guide for the establishment and operation of a gauging station

BS 3680-10C:1996 明渠流量测量.第10部分:泥沙挟带.第10C节:砂床和粘性河床材料取样方法导则

Specifies methods for sampling of both noncohesive sandbed material and cohesive bed materials, and sampling procedures to determine the size distribution of bed materials in open channels.

Measurement of liquid flow in open channels - Sediment transport - Guide to methods of sampling of sand-bed and cohesive-bed materials

ASTM D6033-96(2008) 描述地下水成型准则功能的标准指南

Ground-water modeling has become an important methodology in support of the planning and decision-making processes involved in ground-water management. Ground-water models provide an analytical framework for obtaining an understanding of the mechanisms and controls of ground-water systems and the processes that influence their quality, especially those caused by human intervention in such systems. Increasingly, models are an integral part of water resources assessment, protection and restoration studies, and provide essential and cost-effective support for planning and screening of alternative policies, regulations, and engineering designs affecting ground water. There are many different ground-water modeling codes available, each with their own capabilities, operational characteristics, and limitations. If modeling is considered for a project, it is important to determine if a particular code is appropriate for that project, or if a code exists that can perform the simulations required in the project. In practice, it is often difficult to determine the capabilities, operational characteristics, and limitations of a particular ground-water modeling code from the documentation, or even impossible without actual running the code for situations relevant to the project for which a code is to be selected due to incompleteness, poor organization, or incorrectness of a code''s documentation. Systematic and comprehensive description of a code''s features based on an informative classification provides the necessary basis for efficient selection of a ground-water modeling code for a particular project or for the determination that no such code exists. This guide is intended to encourage correctness, consistency, and completeness in the description of the functions, capabilities, and limitations of an existing ground-water modeling code through the formulation of a code classification system and the presentation of code description guidelines.1.1 This guide presents a systematic approach to the classification and description of computer codes used in ground-water modeling. Due to the complex nature of fluid flow and biotic and chemical transport in the subsurface, many different types of ground-water modeling codes exist, each having specific capabilities and limitations. Determining the most appropriate code for a particular application requires a thorough analysis of the problem at hand and the required and available resources, as well as a detailed description of the functionality of potentially applicable codes. 1.2 Typically, ground-water modeling codes are nonparameterized mathematical descriptions of the causal relationships among selected components of the aqueous subsurface and the chemical and biological processes taking place in these systems. Many of these codes focus on the presence and movement of water, dissolved chemical species and biota, either under fully or partially saturated conditions, or a combination of these conditions. Other codes handle the joint movement of water and other fluids, either as a gas or a nonaqueous phase liquid, or both, and the complex phase transfers that might take place between them. Some codes handle interactions between the aqueous subsurface (for example, a ground-water system) and other components of the hydrologic system or with nonaqueous components of the environment. 1.3 The classification protocol is based on an analysis of the major function groups present in ground-water modeling codes. Additional code functions and features may be identified in determining the functionality of a code. A complete description of a code''s functionality contains the details necessary to understand the capabilities and potential use of a ground-water modeling code. Tables are provided with explanations and examples of functions and function groups for selected types of codes. Consistent use of the desc......

Standard Guide for Describing the Functionality of a Ground-Water Modeling Code

ASTM D6030-96(2008) 评价地下水或含水层敏感性和脆弱性的方法选择标准指南

Sensitivity and vulnerability methods can be applied to a variety of hydrogeologic settings, whether or not they contain specifically identified aquifers. However, some methods are best suited to assess ground water within aquifers, while others assess ground water above aquifers or ground water in areas where aquifers have not been identified. Intergranular media systems, including alluvium and terrace deposits, valley fill aquifers, glacial outwash, sandstones, and unconsolidated coastal plain sediments are characterized by intergranular flow, and thus generally exhibit slower and more predictable ground-water velocities and directions than in fractured media. Such settings are amenable to assessment by the methods described in this guide. Hydrologic settings dominated by fracture flow or flow in solution openings are generally not amenable to such assessments, and application of these techniques to such settings may provide misleading or totally erroneous results. The methods discussed in this guide provide users with information for making land- and water-use management decisions based on the relative sensitivity or vulnerability of underlying ground water or aquifers to contamination. Most sensitivity and vulnerability assessment methods are designed to evaluate broad regional areas for purposes of assisting federal, state, and local officials to identify and prioritize areas where more detailed assessments are warranted, to design and locate monitoring systems, and to help develop optimum ground-water management, use and protection policies. However, some of these methods are independent of the size of the area evaluated and, therefore, can be used to evaluate the aquifer sensitivity and vulnerability of any specific area. Many methods for assessing ground-water sensitivity and vulnerability require information on soils, and for some types of potential ground-water contaminants, soil is the most important factor affecting contaminant movement and attenuation from the land surface to ground water. The relatively large surface area of the clay-size particles in most soils and the soils'' content of organic matter provide sites for the retardation and degradation of contaminants. Unfortunately, there are significant differences in the definition of soil between the sciences of hydrogeology, engineering, and agronomy. For the purposes of this guide, soils are considered to be those unconsolidated organic materials and solid mineral particles that have been derived from weathering and are characterized by significant biological activity. In the United States, these typically include unconsolidated materials that occur to a depth of 2 to 3 m or more. In many areas, significant thicknesses of unconsolidated materials may occur below the soil. Retardation, degradation, and other chemical attenuation processes are typically less than in the upper soil horizons. These underlying materials may be the result of depositional processes or may have formed in place by long-term weathering processes with only limited biological activity. Therefore, when compiling the data required for assessing ground-water sensitivity and vulnerability, it is important to distinguish between the soil zone and the underlying sediments and to recognize that the two zones have significantly different hydraulic and attenuation properties.1.1 This guide covers information needed to select one or more methods for assessing the sensitivity of ground water or aquifers and the vulnerability of ground water or aquifers to water-quality degradation by specific contaminants. 1.2 This guide may not be all-inclusive; it offers a series of options and does not specify a course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison, and does not replace professional judgment. 1.3 This guide is to be used for evaluating sensitivity and vulnerability......

Standard Guide for Selection of Methods for Assessing Ground Water or Aquifer Sensitiviy and Vulnerability

ASTM D5981-96(2008) 地下水流模式预测校准的标准指南

Most site-specific ground-water flow models must be calibrated prior to use in predictions. In these cases, calibration is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition which must be obtained to have confidence in the model''s predictions. Often, during calibration, it becomes apparent that there are no realistic values of the hydraulic properties of the soil or rock which will allow the model to reproduce the calibration targets. In these cases the conceptual model of the site may need to be revisited or the construction of the model may need to be revised. In addition, the source and quality of the data used to establish the calibration targets may need to be reexamined. For example, the modeling process can sometimes identify a previously undetected surveying error, which would results in inaccurate hydraulic head targets. This guide is not meant to be an inflexible description of techniques for calibrating a ground-water flow model; other techniques may be applied as appropriate and, after due consideration, some of the techniques herein may be omitted, altered, or enhanced.1.1 This guide covers techniques that can be used to calibrate a ground-water flow model. The calibration of a model is the process of matching historical data, and is usually a prerequisite for making predictions with the model. 1.2 Calibration is one of the stages of applying a ground-water modeling code to a site-specific problem (see Guide D 5447). Calibration is the process of refining the model representation of the hydrogeologic framework, hydraulic properties, and boundary conditions to achieve a desired degree of correspondence between the model simulations and observations of the ground-water flow system. 1.3 Flow models are usually calibrated using either the manual (trial-and-error) method or an automated (inverse) method. This guide presents some techniques for calibrating a flow model using either method. 1.4 This guide is written for calibrating saturated porous medium (continuum) ground-water flow models. However, these techniques, suitably modified, could be applied to other types of related ground-water models, such as multi-phase models, non-continuum (karst or fracture flow) models, or mass transport models. 1.5 Guide D 5447 presents the steps to be taken in applying a ground-water modeling code to a site-specific problem. Calibration is one of those steps. Other standards have been prepared on environmental modeling, such as Guides D 5490, D 5609, D 5610, D 5611, D 5718, and Practice E 978. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Calibrating a Ground-Water Flow Model Application

ASTM D6025-96(2008) 发展和评估地下水模式准则的标准指南

Ground-water modeling has become an important methodology in support of the planning and decision-making processes involved in ground-water management. Ground-water models provide an analytical framework for obtaining an understanding of the mechanisms and controls of ground-water systems and the processes that influence their quality, especially those caused by human intervention in such systems. Increasingly, models are an integral part of water resources assessment, protection, and restoration studies and provide essential and cost-effective support for planning and screening of alternative policies, regulations, and engineering designs affecting ground water. It is therefore important that before ground-water modeling codes are used as planning and decision-making tools, their credentials are established and their suitability determined through systematic evaluation of their correctness, performance characteristics, and applicability. This becomes even more important because of the increasing complexity of the hydrologic systems for which new modeling codes are being developed. Quality assurance in ground-water modeling provides the mechanisms and framework to ensure that the analytic tools used in preparing decisions are based on the best available techniques and methods. A well-executed quality assurance program in ground-water modeling provides the information necessary to evaluate the reliability of the performed analysis and the level to which the resulting advice may be incorporated in decision-making regarding the management of ground-water resources. This guide is intended to encourage consistency and completeness in the development and evaluation of existing and new ground-water modeling codes by describing appropriate code development and quality assurance procedures and techniques. In the past, some ground-water modeling codes have been developed that have turned out to be quite useful without having been subject to all of the procedures described in this guide. Nonetheless, the procedures described in this guide will give greater assurances that a code does what its developers intended it to do and that a rational basis is available to judge code adequacy and limitations.1.1 This guide covers a systematic approach to the development, testing, evaluation, and documentation of ground-water modeling codes. The procedures presented constitute the quality assurance framework for a ground-water modeling code. They include code review, testing, and evaluation using quantitative and qualitative measures. This guide applies to both the initial development and the subsequent maintenance and updating of ground-water modeling codes. 1.2 When the development of a ground-water modeling code is initiated, procedures are formulated to ensure that the final product conforms with the design objectives and specifications and that it correctly performs the incorporated functions. These procedures cover the formulation and evaluation of the code''s theoretical foundation and code design criteria, the application of coding standards and practices, and the establishment of the code''s credentials through review and systematic testing of its functional design and through evaluation of its performance characteristics. 1.3 The code''s functionality needs to be defined in sufficient detail for potential users to assess the code''s utility as well as to enable the code developers to design a meaningful code testing strategy. Comprehensive testing of a code''s functionality and performance is accomplished through a variety of test methods. Determining the importance of the tested functions and the ratio of tested versus non-tested functions provides an indication of the completeness of the testing. 1.4 Ground-water modeling codes are subject to the software life cycle concept that c......

Standard Guide for Developing and Evaluating Ground-Water Modeling Codes

ASTM D5979-96(2008) 地下水系统概念化和特性化的标准指南

Conceptualization and characterization of a ground-water system is fundamental to any qualitative or quantitative analysis. This conceptualization begins with simple abstractions in the investigator''s mind, emphasizing the major components of the studied system, that can be rendered in qualitative terms or simple illustrations. The extent of further development of the representation of the system depends on the character of the ground-water problem and the project objective. The abstract concept may suffice, or it may be further defined and quantified through use of analytical models of increasing complexity, and, in some cases, numerical models may be employed. If numerical models are used, the level of detail and sophistication of features represented in the model is likely to increase as the project develops. Evolution of conceptualization of a ground-water flow system should be terminated when the results of the related analyses are sufficient for the problem being addressed. This guide may be used in the following: Evaluating natural variations in ground-water flow systems. Evaluating anthropogenic stresses on ground-water flow systems, such as pumping for water supply, irrigation, induced infiltration, or well injection. Evaluating presence and velocity of ground-water contaminants. Designing and selecting mathematical models to simulate ground-water systems; and completing model schematization and attribution based on the problem defined, characterized ground-water flow system, and model(s) selected. Designing ground-water remediation systems. This guide is a flexible description of specific techniques and investigation requirements; methods defined by other ASTM Standards or non-ASTM techniques may be appropriate in some circumstances and, after due consideration, some of the techniques herein may be omitted, altered, or enhanced. A comprehensive list of items to be considered conceptualization and characterization are included in the main headings (Sections 6 through 13) and first subheadings (for example, 7.1 and 8.1). In karst and fractured rock hydrogeologic settings, this guide should be used in conjunction with Guide D 5717. The methods and amount of effort required for conceptualization, characterization, and quantification of ground-water systems for modeling or other applications will vary with site conditions, objectives of investigation, and investigator experience. This guide does not replace proper academic training and experience in hydrogeologic principles, or in ground-water system analysis and quantification. This guide does not set mandatory guidelines and does not constitute a list of necessary steps or procedures for all investigations. This guide may be used for project planning and data collection, but does not provide specific aspects for field characterization techniques. Refer to Table X1.1 in Guide D 5730, Practice D 5254, and Refs (2, 3, 4, and 5) for further guidance regarding field characterization techniques. This guide may be used to generate the necessary information as part of the process for model selection, design, and as input to model schematization, including the simplification of hydrologic systems and the representation of hydrogeologic parameters in models. Refer to Ref (6) for further guidance.1.1 This guide covers an integrated, stepwise method for the qualitative conceptualization and quantitative characterization of ground-water flow systems, including the unsaturated zone, for natural or human-induced behavior or changes. 1.2 This guide may be used at any scale of investigation, including site-specific, subregional, and regional applications. 1.3 This guide describes an iterative process for developing multiple working hypotheses for characte......

Standard Guide for Conceptualization and Characterization of Ground-Water Systems

ASTM D6036-96(2008) 主要离子和痕量元素图用地下水化学分析结果表示的标准指南;地图的使用

1.1 This guide offers a series of options but does not specify a course of action. It should not be used as the sole criterion or basis of comparison and does not replace or relieve professional judgment. 1.2 This guide covers methods that display, as mapped information, the chemical constituents of ground-water samples. Details required by the investigator to use fully the methods are found in the listed references. 1.2.1 The use of maps to display water-quality data are a common technique to assist in the interpretation of the chemistry of water in aquifers, as the areally distributed values can be easily related to the physical locality by the investigator. 1.2.2 The distribution in an aquifer of chemical constituents from two water sources or of liquids of different densities may be difficult to illustrate explicitly on a two-dimensional map because of stratification in the third dimension. Also, the addition of a vertical cross section may be required (see 4.4). 1.3 Many graphic techniques have been developed by investigators to assist in summarizing and interpreting related data sets. This guide is the fourth document to inform the hydrologists and geochemists about traditional methods for displaying ground-water chemical data. 1.3.1 The initial guide (Guide D 5738) described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use pattern and pictorial methods as a basis for displaying each of the individual chemical components determined from the analysis of a single sample of natural ground water. 1.3.2 The second guide (Guide D 5754) described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display, on a single diagram, the common chemical components from two or more analyses of natural ground water. 1.3.3 The third guide (Guide D 5877) presented methods that graphically display chemical analyses of multiple ground-water samples, discrete values, as well as those reduced to comprehensive summaries or parameters. 1.4 Notations have been incorporated within the illustrations of this guide to assist the user in understanding how the maps are constructed. These notations would not be required on a map designed for inclusion in a project document. Note 18212;Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM. 1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Displaying the Results of Chemical Analyses of Ground Water for Major Ions and Trace Elementsx2014;Use of Maps