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提取蛋白质或酶的时候,为什么要在低温条件下操作

2021.7.18

蛋白质提取方法-------列举10种方法一、植物组织蛋白质提取方法(summer)1、根据样品重量(1g样品加入3.5ml提取液,可根据材料不同适当加入),准备提取液放在冰上。2、把样品放在研钵中用液氮研磨,研磨后加入提取液中在冰上静置(3-4小时)。3、用离心机离心8000rpm40min4℃或11100rpm20min4℃4、提取上清夜,样品制备完成。蛋白质提取液:300ml1、1Mtris-HCl(PH8)45ml2、甘油(Glycerol)75ml3、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(Polyvinylpolypyrrordone)6g这种方法针对SDS-PAGE,垂直板电泳!二、植物组织蛋白质提取方法(summer)三氯醋酸—丙酮沉淀法1、在液氮中研磨叶片2、加入样品体积3倍的提取液在-20℃的条件下过夜,然后离心(4℃8000rpm以上1小时)弃上清。3、加入等体积的冰浴丙酮(含0.07%的β-巯基乙醇),摇匀后离心(4℃8000rpm以上1小时),然后真空干燥沉淀,备用。4、上样前加入裂解液,室温放置30分钟,使蛋白充分溶于裂解液中,然后离心(15℃8000rpm以上1小时或更长时间以没有沉淀为标准),可临时保存在4℃待用。5、用Brandford法定量蛋白,然后可分装放入-80℃备用。药品:提取液:含10%TCA和0.07%的β-巯基乙醇的丙酮裂解液:2.7g尿素0.2gCHAPS溶于3ml灭菌的去离子水中(终体积为5ml),使用前再加入1M的DTT65ul/ml。这种方法针对双向电泳,杂质少,离子浓度小的特点!当然单向电泳也同样适用,只是电泳的条带会减少!三、组织:肠黏膜(newinbio)目的:WESTERNBLOT检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达应用TRIPURE提取蛋白质步骤:含蛋白质上清液中加入异丙醇:(1.5ml每1mlTRIPURE用量)倒转混匀,置室温10min离心:12000g,10min,4度,弃上清加入0.3M盐酸胍/95%乙醇:(2ml每1mlTRIPURE用量)振荡,置室温20min离心:7500g,5min,4度,弃上清重复0.3M盐酸胍/95%乙醇步2次沉淀中加入100%乙醇2ml充分振荡混匀,置室温20min离心:7500g,5min,4度,弃上清吹干沉淀1%SDS溶解沉淀离心:10000g,10min,4度取上清-20度保存(或可直接用于WESTERNBLOT)存在的问题:加入1%SDS后沉淀不溶解,还是很大的一块,4度离心后又多了白色沉定,SDS结晶?测浓度,含量才1mg/ml左右。解决:提蛋白试剂盒,另外组织大小适中,要碎,立即加2XBUFFER,然后煮5-10分钟,效果很好的。四、lysissolution:(yog)Proteinextractionbuffer(Camiolobuffer):100ml=(0.075MPotassiumAcetate)0.736g(0.3M)NaCl1.753g(0.1M)L-argininebasicsalt1.742g(0.01M)EDTA-HCl0.292g(0.25%)TritonX-100250.ulupto100mlwithdH20.pH7.4.Then0.2umfilter.1.Freezetissueinliquidnitrogen.2.RinseinPBSthenmince.3.Add1mlCamioloextractionbufferper100mgoftissue.4.Homogenizefor1minuteat4\\'C.5.Spinat3,000.rpm/15minutes/4\\'C.6.Removesupernatantandsaveinanothertube.7.Ifnecessary,dializethesupernatantagainstPBSwith50mM/LTris-HClpH7.4.五、植物材料:水稻苗,叶鞘,根(ynibcas)1、200毫克样品置于冰上磨碎2、加lysisbuffer,离心,10000rpm,4度,5min取上清3、重复离心5minlysisbuffer:ureanp-40ampholine2-mepvp-40六、蛋白质样品制备(sigma)秧苗蛋白质样品的提取按Davermal等(1986)的方法进行。100mg材料剪碎后加入10mgPVP-40(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)及少量石英砂,用液氮研磨成粉,加入1.5ml10%三氯乙酸(丙酮配制,含10mM即0.07%β-巯基乙醇),混匀,-20℃沉淀1小时,4℃,15000r/min离心15min,弃上清,沉淀复溶于1.5ml冷丙酮(含10mMβ-巯基乙醇),再于-20℃沉淀1小时,同上离心弃上清,(有必要再用80%丙酮(含10mMβ-巯基乙醇所得沉淀低温冷冻真空抽干。按每mg干粉加入20μl(可调)UKS液[9.5M尿素,5mM碳酸钾,1.25%SDS,0.5%DTT(二硫苏糖醇),2%Ampholine(AmershamPharmaciaBiotechInc,pH3.5-10),6%TritonX-100],37℃温育30min,期间搅动几次,28度(温度低,高浓度的尿素会让溶液结冰)16000r/min离心15min,离心力越大时间长一点越好!上清即可上样电泳。或者-70度保存七、植物根中蛋白质的抽取(phenol)(1)sample,液氮研磨(2)装1.5mlcentrifuge用tube(3)加1MKH2PO4+K2HPO4700ul(4)12000rpm,4度,10-15minite(5)取上层液,蛋白质就在里面八、SDSextractionfollowedbyacetoneprecipitation–simpleextractionprotocolthatdoesnotrequirephenol.Recommendedstartprotocolforwholetissueextractions.(hgp)1.Grind1goffreshtissuetoapowderwithliquidnitrogeninamortarandpestle.2.Add5mLofextractionmedia(0.175MTris-HCl,pH8.8,5%SDS,15%glycerol,0.3MDTT)directlytomortarandcontinuegrindingforanadditional30sec.3.Filterhomogenatethroughtwolayersofmiraclothintoa50mLFalcontubeatroomtemperature.4.Immediatelyadd4volumesoficecold100%acetonetofilteredhomogenate,mixbyvortexingandplaceat-20Cforatleastonehourtoprecipitateproteins.5.Centrifugeat5000gfor15mintocollectprecipitatedprotein,decantsupernatant.6.GentlyblotresidualacetonefromcontainerwithKimwipeandthenwashpelletin15-20mLofcold80%acetone.Besuretothoroughlybreak-uppelletbypipetting,vortexingorsonication.7.Repeatsteps5and6.8.Collectfinalproteinprecipitatebycentrifugationat5000gfor15minanddrypelletbyinvertingonKimwipefor15minat37C.9.Resuspendfinalpelletin0.5-1mLofIEFextractionsolution(8Murea,2Mthiourea,2%CHAPS,2%TritonX-100,50mMDTT,0.2%pH3-10ampholytes)bypipettingandvortexingat25-30C.Incubatesamplefor1hatroomtemperaturewithagitation.Donotheatsampleunderanycircumstancesasthiswillleadtocarbamylationofproteins.10.Centrifugefor10minat12000gandusesupernatanttorehydrateIPGstrips.11.Ifproteinquantitationisnecessary,precipitateproteinsamplewithTCAoracetonepriortoperformingBradfordorLowryassayasdetergentsandreducingagentsinterferewiththeseassays.Phenolextractionfollowedbymethanolicammoniumacetateprecipitation–aneffectiveprotocolforsamplepreparationfromprotein-poor,recalcitranttissuessuchasplants(seeHurkmanandTanaka,1986,PlantPhysiology81:802-80九、材料:细菌蛋白(puc18)用甲醇提取的,冻干后用缓冲液溶解的。样品缓冲液是一般的。其中含又2%的SDS,20mmol的2-巯基乙醇。十、线粒体蛋白的提取(bioon)IsolationforMitochondriaModificationbyBioonMaterialsandreagents:homogenizingbuffer:100mMmannitol10mMTris-HClbuffer(pH7.5)5mMMgCl2关于蛋白质1mMEGTA1mMDTTleupeptin(0.1ug/ml)0.1MNa2CO3Methods:-10*6Cellswerewashedwithice-coldPBSandlysedbyhomogenizingin1mlbuffer(ice-cold)containing100mMmannitol,10mMTris,5mMMgCl2,1mMEGTA,1mMDTT,leupeptin(0.1ug/ml)-SubjectedtoPolytronhomogenizationforthree-fourburstsof3-10seachatasettingof6.5.-Intactcellsandnucleiwereseparatedbycentrifugationat120gfor5minat4℃-Supernatantswerecentrifugedat10,000gfor10mintocollecttheheavy(mitochondrial)membranepellet.-Cytoplasmicfractionswereobtainedbycentrifugingsupernatantsat100,000gfor30min.-Resuspendedpelletto0.25mg/mlinfreshpreparationof0.1MNa2CO3(pH11.5)-Incubatedonicefor30min.-Ultracentrifugationat100000gfor1hat4℃toprecipitatethemitochondriamembraneprotein.Andthesupernatantsaremitochondrialmatrix.0.5mgofproteinsinmitochondriacanget100ugofproteins(thealkali-resistantfractions)Ref.:PNAS,2002,99:12825–12830本方法只适用于提大鼠细胞线粒体蛋白,而不适用于线粒体功能检测

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