13.080.20 土壤的物理特性 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7698-19 用复阻抗法进行土壤和集料密度和含水量现场估算的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for In-Place Estimation of Density and Water Content of Soil and Aggregate by Correlation with Complex Impedance Method

ASTM D8296-19 有荷载控制或位移控制的恒定体积下固结不排水循环直接单剪试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method defines equipment specifications and testing procedures for the measurement of cyclic strength, number of cycles to liquefaction or cyclic properties (Modulus and Damping) of soils, after one-dimensional consolidation using a cyclic mode of loading. 1.2 The cyclic shearing can be applied using load control or displacement control. It shall be the responsibility of the agency requesting this test to specify the magnitude and frequency of the cyclic loading. Other loading histories may be used if required by the agency requesting the testing. 1.3 This test method is written specifically for devices that test cylindrical specimens enclosed in a wire-reinforced membrane or a soft membrane within a stack of rigid rings (this test method applies to Teflon coated rigid rings as well). Other types of shear devices are beyond the scope of this test method. 1.4 This test method can be used for testing cohesionless free draining soils or fine grained soils. However, this test method may be followed when testing most soil types if care is taken to ensure that any special considerations required for such soils are accounted for. 1.5 The shearing phase of this test is conducted under constant volume conditions. Since the lateral confinement system prevents radial specimen strains, the constant volume condition is accomplished by preventing specimen height change during shear. Shearing under constant volume can be performed on dry or saturated specimens. The constant volume condition is equivalent to the undrained condition for fully saturated specimens. Cyclic direct simple shear testing with truly undrained conditions (restricting pore water flow from and into the specimen) can be performed using some simple shear devices, but is beyond the scope of this standard.2 1.6 The cyclic strength of a soil is determined based on the number of cycles required to reach a limiting double amplitude shear strain or a single amplitude shear strain, while liquefaction is more commonly defined as 100 % change in vertical stress ratio (change in effective vertical stress during shearing divided by effective vertical stress at end of primary consolidation). The change in vertical stress ratio in constant volume shearing is equivalent to the excess pore pressure ratio (excess pore pressure during shearing divided by effective vertical stress at end of primary consolidation) under undrained conditions. The strain criterion is only applicable when performing load controlled tests; 100 % change in vertical stress ratio can be used for both, load and displacement control. For displacement control testing, the criterion to stop the test could be a specified number of cycles. 1.7 This test method is applicable to testing intact, reconstituted, or compacted specimens; however, it does not include specific guidance for preparing, reconstituting or compacting test specimens. 1.8 It shall be the responsibility of the agency requesting this test to specify the magnitude of the consolidation stress prior to shear and, if assigned, an unloading consolidation stage may be required for over-consolidating the specimen. 1.9 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.9.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that shall generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.09 on Cyclic and Dynamic Properties of Soils. Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D8296-19 2 Tests sheared under truly undrained conditions should be performed exclusively on saturated specimens. Therefore, backpressure saturation is required to ensure complete saturation of test specimen. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this test method to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.9.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.10 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be regarded as conformance with this test method. In the engineering profession it is customary practice to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force, unless dynamic calculations (F=Ma) are involved. This implicitly combines two separate systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravimetric system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine two separate systems within a single standard. This test method has been written using SI units; however, inch-pound conversions are given in the gravimetric system, where the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). The use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lb/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method. 1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Cyclic Direct Simple Shear Test under Constant Volume with Load Control or Displacement Control

ASTM D8295-19 用弯曲元件测定土壤样品中剪切波速和初始剪切模量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory use of piezoceramic bender elements to determine the shear wave velocity in soil specimens. A shear wave is generated at one boundary of a soil specimen and then received at an opposite boundary. The shear wave travel time is measured, which over a known travel distance yields the shear wave velocity. From this shear wave velocity and the density of the soil specimen the initial shear modulus (Gmax) can be determined, which is the result of primary interest from bender element tests. 1.2 This shear wave velocity determination involves very small strains and is non-destructive to a test specimen. As such, bender element shear wave velocity determinations can be made at any time and any number of times during a laboratory test. 1.3 This test method describes the use of bender elements in a triaxial type test (for example, Test Methods D3999, D4767, D5311, or D7181), but a similar procedure may be used for other laboratory applications, like in Direct Simple Shear (Test Method D6528) or oedometer tests (for example, Test Methods D2435 and D4186). Shear wave velocity can also be determined in unconfined soil specimens held together by matrix suction. 1.4 Shear wave velocity can be determined in different directions in a triaxial test, for example vertically and horizontally. Shear waves generated to determine shear wave velocity can also be polarized in different directions, for example a horizontally propagating shear wave with either vertical or horizontal polarization. This test method describes the use of bender elements mounted in the top platen and base pedestal of a triaxial test specimen to measure shear wave velocity in the vertical direction. With additional bender elements mounted on opposite sides of a triaxial specimen, a similar procedure may be used to determine horizontal shear wave velocity. 1.5 A variety of different interpretation methods to evaluate the shear wave travel time in a soil specimen have been proposed and used. This test method only describes two of these, Start to Start and Peak to Peak using a single sine wave signal sent to the transmitter bender element. Other interpretation methods producing similar results may also be used. 1.6 Bender element measurements may not work very well in some situations, like in extremely stiff soils where the generated shear wave amplitude may be exceedingly small. 1.7 This test method does not cover the determination of compressional wave velocity in soil specimens. This measurement requires a different type of piezo-ceramic element configuration, and such determinations are generally not useful in saturated soft soil specimens as the earliest identifiable compressional wave arrival at the receiver end of a saturated specimen will likely have been transmitted through the (relatively incompressible) specimen pore water rather than the (compressible) soil skeleton. 1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method. 1.9.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.09 on Cyclic and Dynamic Properties of Soils. Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D8295-19 Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Shear Wave Velocity and Initial Shear Modulus in Soil Specimens using Bender Elements

EN ISO 18674-5:2019 岩土工程勘察和试验.用现场仪器进行岩土工程监测.第5部分:用总压单元（TPC）进行的应力变化测量

This document specifies the measurement of stress changes by means of total pressure cells (TPC). General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674‑1. If applied in conjunction with ISO 18674‑4, this document allows the determination of effective stress acting in the ground. This document is applicable to: — monitoring changes of the state of stress in the ground and in geo-engineered structures (e.g. in earth fill dams or tunnel lining); — monitoring contact pressures at the interface between two media (e.g. earth pressure on retaining wall; contact pressure at the base of a foundation); — checking geotechnical designs and adjustment of construction in connection with the Observational Design procedure; — evaluating stability during or after construction. Guidelines for the application of TPC in geotechnical engineering are presented in Annex B. NOTE This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of total pressure cells as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1[1] and EN 1997-2[2].

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Geotechnical monitoring by field instrumentation - Part 5: Stress change measurements by total pressure cells (TPC) (ISO 18674-5:2019)

ASTM D6780/D6780M-19 用时域反射计（TDR）测定土壤含水量和密度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method may be used to determine the water content of soils and the density of soils in place using Time Domain Reflectometry. 1.2 This test method applies to soils that have 30 % or less by weight of their particles retained on the 19.0-mm [3⁄4-in.] sieve. 1.3 This test method is suitable for use as a means of acceptance for compacted fill or embankments. 1.4 This test method is not appropriate for frozen soils or soils at temperatures over 40°C [100°F] and may not be suitable for organic soils, highly plastic soils, or extremely dense soils. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.2 1.6 Two alternative procedures are provided to determine the water content and the density of soil in situ: 1.6.1 Procedure A involves two tests in the field, an in situ test and a test in a mold containing material excavated from the in situ test location. The apparent dielectric constant is determined in both tests. 1.6.2 Procedure B involves only an in situ test by incorporating the first voltage drop and long term voltage (V1 and Vf ) in addition to the apparent dielectric constant. While the bulk electrical conductivity can be determined from these measurements, it is not needed for the determination of water content and density. 1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inchpound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. For additional information consult SI10. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Methods for Water Content and Density of Soil In situ by Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

ASTM D5549-19 地质统计学现场调查报告内容的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the contents required for a complete report of a geostatistical site investigation. A complete report is understood here to be one that contains all the information necessary to the understanding and evaluation of the geostatistical site investigation by other geostatisticians. 1.2 This guide does not discuss the reporting of supplementary information that may assist evaluation of the report. 1.3 While geostatistical methods are used in many fields, this guide is primarily intended for the reporting of environmental and geotechnical applications. 1.4 The basic geostatistical methods referred to in this guide are fully described in texts by David (1),2 Journel and Huijbregts (2), Clark (3), and Isaaks and Srivastava (4). Olea (5) gives a thorough compilation of geostatistical terminology as well as (6) a practical description of the subject for engineers and earth scientists. Chiles (7) and Goovaerts (8) provide material on how to deal with spatial uncertainty and how to use geostatistics for the evaluation of natural resources. 1.5 This guide does not discuss the reporting of multivariate, space-time, and other less-frequently used geostatistical methods; however this is not intended to reflect any judgment as to the validity of these methods. 1.6 Geostatistics is but one approach that can be used to understand and describe site conditions. Investigations should incorporate whatever supplementary knowledge of the site that may be available from other sources. As with classical statistical approaches, geostatistics is not intended to establish cause-and-effect relationships. 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Guide for Contents of Geostatistical Site Investigation Report

BS EN ISO 23470:2018 土壤质量 使用三氯化六氨钴溶液测定有效阳离子交换容量(CEC)和可交换阳离子

What is this standard about? This document specifies a method for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg Mn, Na) in soils using a hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution as extractant. For soils containing calcium carbonate a calcite saturated hexamminecobalt(III) chloride solution is specified particularly for determination of exchangeable Ca. This document is applicable to all types of air-dry soil samples which have been prepared according to ISO 11464.

Soil quality. Determination of effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations using a hexamminecobalt trichloride solution

ASTM F3013-13(2018) 通过核心位移法就地表土和混合土的密度标准试验方法

1.1 This test method may be used to determine the undisturbed (in-situ) in-place bulk-density, moisture content and unit weight of topsoil and blended soil growing mediums using the Core Displacement Method. 1.2 This test method is applicable for soils without appreciable amounts of rock or coarse material exceeding 1 inch in size. Further it is only suitable for soils in-which the natural void or pore openings in the soil are small enough to prevent the sand used in the test from entering the voids and impacting the test results. Unlike Test Method D1556, this test method is suitable for organic and plastic soils due to the use of a core apparatus, and not hand excavation methods. The material shall have adequate cohesive material or particle attraction to provide a stable core (core hole) for the duration of the test without deforming or sloughing. Therefore this method is not suitable for unbound granular soils that cannot maintain stable sides. This test method is applicable for assessing compaction of surface layers of topsoil (or blended soils) using a soil small core unlike Test Methods D4914, which uses a large volume soil pit excavation. 1.3 This test method is intended for soil typical of growing mediums suitable for sports fields, golf courses and lawn areas that may include organic material, silts, clays and sand. 1.4 This test method is not applicable for soil conditions in-which the root mass is excessive or in-which the root mass includes woody roots. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Density of Topsoil and Blended Soils In-place by the Core Displacement Method

ISO 23470:2018 土质.用三氯六氨基钴溶液测定有效阳离子交换能力(CEC)和可交换的阳离子

This document specifies a method for the determination of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the content of exchangeable cations (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg Mn, Na) in soils using a hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution as extractant. For soils containing calcium carbonate a calcite saturated hexamminecobalt(III) chloride solution is specified particularly for determination of exchangeable Ca. This document is applicable to all types of air-dry soil samples which have been prepared according to ISO 11464.

Soil quality - Determination of effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations using a hexamminecobalt(III)chloride solution

KS M ISO 23470-2018 土壤质量 用三氯化六氨钴溶液测定有效阳离子交换容量（CEC）和可交换阳离子

Soil quality－Determination of effective cation exchange capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations using a hexamminecobalt trichloride solution

EN ISO 17892-12:2018 岩土工程勘察和试验. 土壤的实验室试验. 第12部分: 液体和塑料极限的测定

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 12: Determination of liquid and plastic limits

ASTM D4943-18 用浸水法测定粘性土收缩系数的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the shrinkage factors of cohesive soils, using the water submersion technique, whereby the volume of a dried soil pat is determined while suspended in a water bath. 1.2 The data obtained following this test method are also used to determine the shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage, and linear shrinkage of the soil. 1.3 This test method is applicable only for cohesive soils. 1.4 Since this test method is performed only on that portion of a soil which passes the 425-µm (No. 40) sieve, the relative consistency of the tested portion of the soil to the properties of the sample as a whole must be considered when evaluating the entire soil sample. 1.5 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.5.1 The procedures, used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard, are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard except the sieve designations are shown using the alternative sieve designation in parentheses. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazards, see Section 8. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Cohesive Soils by the Water Submersion Method

ASTM D7608-18 测量细粒土排水完全软化抗剪强度和应力相关强度包络线的扭环剪切试验的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Measure Drained Fully Softened Shear Strength and Stress Dependent Strength Envelope of Fine-Grained Soils

ASTM D7608-18e1 测量细粒土排水完全软化剪切强度和应力相关强度包络线的扭环剪切试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a procedure for performing a torsional ring shear test under a drained condition to measure the fully softened shear strength and stress dependent strength envelope of fine-grained soils (using a reconstituted normally consolidated specimen). The fully softened strength and the corresponding stress dependent effective stress strength envelope are used to evaluate the stability of slopes that do not have a pre-existing shear surface but have been subjected to environmental conditions and shear stresses that lead to soil softening, deterioration of the soil fabric, and strength loss. It has been shown (Skempton 19702 and 19773 ) that under these conditions and within the depth zones that have undergone softening, first-time slope failures can occur at effective stress levels that correspond to a fully softened strength envelope. It has also been shown empirically (Skempton 19702 and 19773 ) that fully softened strength of fine grained soils can be approximated by the peak strength of a reconstituted and normally consolidated specimen. In this test method, reconstituted and normally consolidated specimens are sheared at a controlled and constant displacement rate until the peak shear resistance has been obtained. Generally, the drained fully softened failure envelope is determined at three or more effective normal stresses. A separate test specimen must be used for each normal stress to measure the fully softened strength otherwise a post-peak or even drained residual strength will be measured if the same specimen is used at the same or at another effective normal stress because of the existence of a prior shear surface. 1.2 The ring shear apparatus allows a reconstituted specimen to be normally consolidated at the desired normal stress prior to drained shearing. The test results closely simulate the fully softened strength of stiff natural fine-grained soils (Skempton 19702 and 19773 ) and compacted fills of finegrained soils (Gamez and Stark 20144 ). This simulates the mobilized shear strength in overconsolidated clays, claystones, mudstones, and shales in natural slopes and compacted fill in manmade slopes, such as, dams, levees, and highway embankments, after the soil has fully softened and attained the fully softened strength condition. 1.3 A shear stress-displacement relationship may be obtained from this test method. However, a shear stress-strain relationship or any associated quantity, such as modulus, cannot be determined from this test method because defining the height of the shear zone is difficult and needed in the shear strain calculations. As a result, the height of this shear zone is unknown, so an accurate or representative shear strain can therefore not be determined. 1.4 The selection of normal stresses and final determination of the shear strength envelope for design analyses and the criteria to interpret and evaluate the test results are the responsibility of the engineer or entity requesting the test. 1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.05 on Strength and Compressibility of Soils. Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7263–10. DOI: 10.1520/ D7608–18E01. 2 Skempton, A. (1970). “First-time slides in over-consolidated clays.” Géotechnique, 20(3), 320–324. 3 Skempton, A. (1977). “Slope stability of cutting in brown London clay.” Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, 261–270. 4 Gamez, J. and Stark, T.D. (2014). “Fully Softened Shear Strength at Low Stresses for Levee and Embankment Design” ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, June, 140(9), 06014010-1-06014010-6. Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Measure Drained Fully Softened Shear Strength and Stress Dependent Strength Envelope of Fine-Grained Soils

DIN EN ISO 11508:2018 土壤质量.粒子密度的测定(ISO 11508-2017);德文版本EN ISO 11508-2017

This International Standard describes two methods for the determination of particle density of soils calculated from the mass and the volume of soil particles. The first method is applicable to fine soil (under 2 mm diameter) and the second method is applicable to both porous and nonporous gravel and stones (larger than 2 mm diameter). The particle density may be used for the calculation of the proportion of solids and of the porosity of soil layers in combination with the procedure given in ISO 11272.

Soil quality - Determination of particle density (ISO 11508:2017); German version EN ISO 11508:2017

EN ISO 17892-9:2018 土工勘查和检验.土壤的实验室检验.第9部分:饱水土壤的三轴压缩试验

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 9: Consolidated triaxial compression tests on water saturated soils

EN ISO 17892-8:2018 土工勘查和检验.土壤的实验室检验.第8部分:未固结的不排水三轴试验

Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 8: Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test

ASTM D7263-09(2018) 实验室测定土壤样品密度（单位重量）的标准试验方法

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens

ASTM D7263-09(2018)e1 实验室测定土壤样品密度（单位重量）的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods describe two ways of determining the total/moist and dry densities (unit weights) of intact, disturbed, remolded, and reconstituted (compacted) soil specimens. Density (unit weight) as used in this standard means the same as “bulk density” of soil as defined by the Soil Science Society of America. Intact specimens may be obtained from thin-walled sampling tubes, block samples, or clods. Specimens that are remolded by dynamic or static compaction procedures may also be measured by these methods. These methods apply to soils that will retain their shape during the measurement process and may also apply to other materials such as soil-cement, soil-lime, soil-bentonite or solidified soil-bentonite-cement slurries. It is common for the density (unit weight) of specimens after removal from sampling tubes and compaction molds to be less than the value based on tube or mold volumes, or of in situ conditions. This is due to the specimen swelling after removal of lateral pressures. 1.1.1 Method A covers the procedure for measuring the volume of wax coated specimens by determining the quantity of water displaced. 1.1.1.1 This method only applies to specimens in which the wax will not penetrate the outer surface of the specimen. 1.1.2 Method B covers the procedure by means of the direct measurement of the dimensions and mass of a specimen, usually one of cylindrical shape. Intact and reconstituted/ remolded specimens may be tested by this method in conjunction with strength, permeability (air/water) and compressibility determinations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy with which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens

ASTM D7263-09(2018)e2 实验室测定土壤样品密度（单位重量）的标准试验方法

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens