17.200.10 热、量热学 标准查询与下载

BS EN 1434-3:2015 热量表 数据交换和接口

Heat meters. Data exchange and interfaces

EN 1434-3:2015 热量表.第3部分:数据交换和接口

This European Standard specifies the general requirements and applies to heat meters. Heat meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The meter indicates heat in legal units. Part 3 specifies the data exchange between a meter and a readout device (POINT / POINT communication). For these applications using the optical readout head, the EN 62056-21 protocol is recommended. For direct or remote local readout of a single or a few meters via a battery driven readout device, the physical layer of EN 13757-6 (local bus) is recommended. For bigger networks with up to 250 meters, a master unit with AC mains supply according to EN 13757-2 is necessary to control the M-Bus. For these applications the physical and link layer of EN 13757-2 and the application layer of EN 13757-3 is required. For wireless meter communications, EN 13757-4 describes several alternatives of walk/drive-by readout via a mobile station or by using stationary receivers or a network. Both unidirectionally and bidirectionally transmitting meters are supported by this standard.

Heat meters - Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces

EN 1434-1:2015 热量表.第1部分:一般要求

This European Standard specifies the general requirements for heat meters. Heat meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard. This standard covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.

Heat Meters - Part 1: General Requirements

EN 1434-2:2015 热量表.第2部分:建筑要求

This European Standard specifies the constructional requirements for heat meters. Heat meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard. This standard covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.

Heat meters - Part 2: Constructional requirements

EN 1434-4:2015 热量表.4部分:型式批准试验

This European Standard specifies pattern approval tests for heat meters. Heat meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard. This standard covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.

Heat meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests

EN 1434-5:2015 热量表.第5部分:初始验证试验

This European Standard specifies initial verification tests for heat meters. Heat meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard. This standard covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.

Heat meters - Part 5: Initial verification tests

EN 1434-6:2015 热量表.第6部分:安装,调试,运行监控和维护

This European Standard specifies commissioning, operational monitoring and maintenance and applies to heat meters. Heat meters are instruments intended for measuring the energy which in a heat-exchange circuit is absorbed (cooling) or given up (heating) by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard. Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard. This standard covers meters for closed systems only, where the differential pressure over the thermal load is limited.

Heat Meters - Part 6: Installation@ Commissioning@ Operational Monitoring and Maintenance

ASTM C1702-15a 使用等温传导量热法测量水硬性水泥材料的水合热的标准测试方法

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry

ASTM E2603-15 固定电池差示扫描量热仪校准的标准实践

5.1 Fixed-cell differential scanning calorimeters are used to determine the transition temperatures and energetics of materials in solution. For this information to be accepted with confidence in an absolute sense, temperature and heat calibration of the apparatus or comparison of the resulting data to that of known standard materials is required. 5.2 This practice is useful in calibrating the temperature and heat flow axes of fixed-cell differential scanning calorimeters. 1.1 This practice covers the calibration of fixed-cell differential scanning calorimeters over the temperature range from –10 to +120°C. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Practice for Calibration of Fixed-Cell Differential Scanning Calorimeters

ASTM C1702-15b 采用等温传导量热法测量水硬性胶凝材料的水化热的标准试验方法

5.1 This method is suitable for determining the total heat of hydration of hydraulic cement at constant temperature at ages up to 7 days to confirm specification compliance. It gives test results equivalent to Test Method C186 up to 7 days of age (1).3 5.2 This method compliments Practice C1679 by providing details of calorimeter equipment, calibration, and operation. Practice C1679 emphasizes interpretation significant events in cement hydration by analysis of time dependent patterns of heat flow, but does not provide the level of detail necessary to give precision test results at specific test ages required for specification compliance. 1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining total heat of hydration of hydraulic cementitious materials at test ages up to 7 days by isothermal conduction calorimetry. 1.2 This test method also outputs data on rate of heat of hydration versus time that is useful for other analytical purposes, as covered in Practice C1679. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry

ASTM C1171-15 耐火材料热冲击效应和热循环效应定量测量的标准试验方法

3.1 This test method indicates the ability of a refractory product to withstand the stress generated by sudden changes in temperature. 3.2 Because the recommended furnace temperature of this cycling test is 1200°C (2190°F), this test method may not indicate the ability of a refractory product to withstand cycling at higher or lower temperatures, especially if the existing morphology of the refractory product changes. 3.3 This test method is useful for research and development, as well as for comparing refractory products. The precision should be considered when using this test for specification purposes. 3.4 Ruggedness tests found the following variables to be rugged: temperature +5°C hot spacing 1/2 to 3/4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm) cold spacing 1/2 to 3/4 in. (12.77 to 19 mm) center vs. end gripping of the bars hot hold time 10 to 15 min cold hold time 10 to 15 min operator air speed 0 to 2 mi/h (0 to 3.2 km/h) initially cold or heated samples last in, first out (LIFO); or first in, first out (FIFO) 8199;removal from the furnace sawed or original surface as tensile face during MOR testing bar thickness 0.......

Standard Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and Thermal Cycling on Refractories

ASTM E1354-15a 采用耗氧热量计的材料与产品的热和可视烟雾释放率的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the heat evolved in, or contributed to, a fire involving products of the test material. Also included is a determination of the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to sustained flaming, and smoke production. These properties are determined on small size specimens that are representative of those in the intended end use. 5.2 This test method is applicable to various categories of products and is not limited to representing a single fire scenario. Additional guidance for testing is given in X1.2.3 and X1.11. 5.3 This test method is not applicable to end-use products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces. Note 1: All dimensions are in millimetres. Note 2: * Indicates a critical dimension. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor. 1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products. 1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream. 1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to initial test heat fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the initial test heat flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only. 1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained......

Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM C1702-15 采用等温传导量热法测量水硬性胶凝材料的水化热的标准试验方法

5.1 This method is suitable for determining the total heat of hydration of hydraulic cement at constant temperature at ages up to 7 days to confirm specification compliance. It gives test results equivalent to Test Method C186 up to 7 days of age (1).3 5.2 This method compliments Practice C1679 by providing details of calorimeter equipment, calibration, and operation. Practice C1679 emphasizes interpretation significant events in cement hydration by analysis of time dependent patterns of heat flow, but does not provide the level of detail necessary to give precision test results at specific test ages required for specification compliance. 1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining total heat of hydration of hydraulic cementitious materials at test ages up to 7 days by isothermal conduction calorimetry. 1.2 This test method also outputs data on rate of heat of hydration versus time that is useful for other analytical purposes, as covered in Practice C1679. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry

GSO ASTM C1045:2014 计算稳态条件下传热特性的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice provides the user with a uniform procedure for calculating the thermal transmission properties of a material or system from data generated by steady state, one dimensional test methods used to determine heat flux and surface temperatures. This practice is intended to eliminate the need for similar calculation sections in Test Methods C177, C335, C518, C1033, C1114 and C1363 and Practices C1043 and C1044 by permitting use of these standard calculation forms by reference. 1.2 The thermal transmission properties described include: thermal conductance, thermal resistance, apparent thermal conductivity, apparent thermal resistivity, surface conductance, surface resistance, and overall thermal resistance or transmittance. 1.3 This practice provides the method for developing the apparent thermal conductivity as a function of temperature relationship for a specimen from data generated by standard test methods at small or large temperature differences. This relationship can be used to characterize material for comparison to material specifications and for use in calculation programs such as Practice C680. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This practice includes a discussion of the definitions and underlying assumptions for the calculation of thermal transmission properties. Tests to detect deviations from these assumptions are described. This practice also considers the complicating effects of uncertainties due to the measurement processes and material variability. See Section 7. 1.6 This practice is not intended to cover all possible aspects of thermal properties data base development. For new materials, the user should investigate the variations in thermal properties seen in similar materials. The information contained in Section 7, the Appendix and the technical papers listed in the References section of this practice may be helpful in determining whether the material under study has thermal properties that can be described by equations using this practice. Some examples where this method has limited application include: ( 1) the onset of convection in insulation as described in Reference (1); (2) a phase change of one of the insulation system components such as a blowing gas in foam; and (3) the influence of heat flow direction and temperature difference changes for reflective insulations.

Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions

ASTM E144-14 安全使用氧气燃烧器的标准做法

1.1 This practice covers methods for judging the soundness of new and used oxygen combustion vessels, and describes the precautions to be observed in oxygen combustion vessel methods. 1.2 This practice is applicable to all procedures in which samples are completely oxidized by combustion in a metal vessel containing oxygen under pressure. Where there is conflict with specific precautions in individual ASTM methods, the latter shall take precedence. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels

ASTM E144-14e1 安全使用氧气燃烧器的标准做法

Standard Practice for Safe Use of Oxygen Combustion Vessels

JIS B 7550 AMD 1:2014 量热计(修改件1)

Heat meters (Amendment 1)

GSO ASTM D7314:2014 使用量热法和直接取样测定气体燃料热值的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice is for the determination of the heating value measurement of gaseous fuels using a calorimeter. Heating value determination of sample gasses containing water vapor will require vapor phase moisture measurements of the pre-combustion sample gas as well as the non-condensed gasses exiting the calorimeter. Instruments equipped with appropriate conditioners and algorithms may provide heating value results on a net or gross and dry or wet basis. 1.2 This practice is applicable to at-line and in-line instruments that are operated from time to time on a continuous basis. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Determination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels using Calorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling

ASTM E1897-14 采用红外成像辐射仪测量和均衡衰减介质的传输性的标准试验方法

5.1 The transmittance of an attenuating medium can cause errors for an infrared thermographer using an infrared imaging radiometer to measure the temperature of a specimen through the medium. Three test methods are given for measuring and compensating for this error source. 5.1.1 A procedure is given for measuring the transmittance of an attenuating medium. 5.1.2 A procedure is given for compensating for errors when measuring the temperature of a specimen having a known emissivity through an attenuating medium with a known transmittance. 5.1.3 A procedure is given for measuring and compensating for transmittance and emissivity errors when the specimen temperature is known. 5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials. 5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities. 5.4 The values of transmittance are defined only in terms of the procedure for the purpose of process control and nondestructive evaluation of materials. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for transmittance when using an infrared imaging radiometer to measure the temperature of a specimen through an attenuating medium, such as a window, filter or atmosphere.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically-energized equipment, or both. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Transmittance of an Attenuating Medium Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers

ASTM E1862-14 采用红外成像辐射仪测量和均衡反射温度的标准试验方法

5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer measuring its surface temperature. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature error source, the Reflector Method and the Direct Method. 5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials. 5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities. 5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the precision of the procedures can be inferred from the results of the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.2 1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized equipment, or both. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers