17.200.10 热、量热学 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2602-09 用调制温度差示扫描量热法测定玻璃化转变温度的标准试验方法

Materials undergo an increase in molecular mobility at the glass transition seen as a sigmoidal step increase in the heat capacity. This mobility increase may lead to kinetic events such as enthalpic recovery, chemical reaction or crystallization at temperatures near the glass transition. The heat flow associated with the kinetic events may interfere with the determination of the glass transition. The glass transition is observed in differential scanning calorimetry as a sigmoidal or step change in specific heat capacity. MTDSC provides a test method for the separation of the heat flow due to heat capacity and that associated with kinetic events making it possible to determine the glass transition in the presence of interfering kinetic event. This test method is useful in research and development, quality assurance and control and specification acceptance. Other methods for assigning the glass transition temperature include differential scanning calorimetry (Test Method E 1356), thermomechanical analysis (Test Method E 1545) and dynamic mechanical analysis (Test Method E 1640)1.1 This test method describes the assignment of the glass transition temperature of materials using modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) over the temperature range from –120 to + 600 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation used. 1.2 SI units are the standard. 1.3 There are no ISO equivalents to this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for the Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry

NF E17-401-3:2009 量热计.第3部分:数据交换及接口

Heat meters - Part 3 : data exchange and interfaces.

ASTM E1354-09 使用氧消耗量热仪的材料和产品的热和可见烟雾释放速率的标准测试方法

This test method is used primarily to determine the heat evolved in, or contributed to, a fire involving products of the test material. Also included is a determination of the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to sustained flaming, and smoke production. These properties are determined on small size specimens that are representative of those in the intended end use. This test method is applicable to various categories of products and is not limited to representing a single fire scenario. Additional guidance for testing is given in X1.2.3 and X1.11. This test method is not applicable to end-use products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces.1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor. 1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products. 1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream. 1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only. 1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming. 1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7. ^REFERENCE: ASTM Standards: D 5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM ......

Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

BS EN 1434-3:2008 量热计.数据交换和接口

This European Standard applies to heat meters, that is to instruments intended for measuring the heat which, in a heat-exchange circuit, is absorbed or given up by a liquid called the energy-conveying liquid. The meter indicates heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this standard. Part 3 specifies the data exchange between a meter and a readout device (POINT / POINT communication). For these applications using the optical readout head, the EN 62056-21 protocol is recommended. For direct or remote local readout of a single or a few meters via a battery driven readout device, the physical layer of EN 13757-6 (local bus) is recommended. For bigger networks with up to 250 meters, a master unit with AC mains supply according to EN 13757-2 is necessary to control the M-Bus. For these applications the physical and link layer of EN 13757-2 and the application layer of EN 13757-3 is required. For wireless meter communications, EN 13757-4 describes several alternatives of walk/drive-by readout via a mobile station or by using stationary receivers or a network. Both unidirectionally and bidirectionally transmitting meters are supported by this standard.

Heat Meters Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces

LST EN 1434-3-2009 热量表 第3部分：数据交换和接口

Heat Meters - Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces

DIN EN 1434-3:2009 量热计.第3部分:数据交换和接口

This European Standard applies to heat meters, that is to instruments intended for measuring the heat which, in a heat-exchange circuit, is absorbed or given up by a liquid called the energy-conveying liquid. The meter indicates heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this standard. Part 3 specifies the data exchange between a meter and a readout device (POINT / POINT communication). For these applications using the optical readout head, the EN 62056-21 protocol is recommended. For direct or remote local readout of a single or a few meters via a battery driven readout device, the physical layer of EN 13757-6 (local bus) is recommended. For bigger networks with up to 250 meters, a master unit with AC mains supply according to EN 13757-2 is necessary to control the M-Bus. For these applications the physical and link layer of EN 13757-2 and the application layer of EN 13757-3 is required. For wireless meter communications, EN 13757-4 describes several alternatives of walk/drive-by readout via a mobile station or by using stationary receivers or a network. Both unidirectionally and bidirectionally transmitting meters are supported by this standard.

Heat meters - Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces; English version EN 1434-3:2008

GOST R 8.668-2009 确保测量一致性的国家体系.天然气燃烧体积热量(能量).测量方法一般要求

State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Volumetric heat (energy) of combustion of natural gas. General requirements for methods for measurement

ASTM E2683-09 使用嵌装温度梯度表测量热通量的标准试验方法

The purpose of this test method is to measure the net heat flux to or from a surface location. For measurement of the radiant energy component the emissivity or absorptivity of the surface coating of the gage is required. When measuring the convective energy component the potential physical and thermal disruptions of the surface must be minimized and characterized. Requisite is to consider how the presence of the gage alters the surface heat flux. The desired quantity is usually the heat flux at the surface location without the presence of the gage. Temperature limitations are determined by the gage material properties, the method of mounting the sensing element, and how the lead wires are attached. The range of heat flux that can be measured and the time response are limited by the gage design and construction details. Measurements of a fraction of 1 kW/m2 to above 10 MW/m2 are easily obtained with current gages. With thin film sensors a time response of less than 10 μs is possible, while thicker sensors may have response times on the order of 1 s. It is important to choose the gage style and characteristics to match the range and time response of the required application. When differential thermocouple sensors are operated as specified for one-dimensional heat flux and within the corresponding time response limitations, the voltage output is directly proportional to the heat flux. The sensitivity, however, may be a function of the gage temperature. The measured heat flux is based on one-dimensional analysis with a uniform heat flux over the surface of the gage. Measurements of convective heat flux are particularly sensitive to disturbances of the temperature of the surface. Because the heat-transfer coefficient is also affected by any non-uniformities in the surface temperature, the effect of a small temperature change with location is further amplified as explained by Moffat et al. (2) and Diller (3). Moreover, the smaller the gage surface area, the larger is the effect on the heat transfer coefficient of any surface temperature non-uniformity. Therefore, surface temperature disruptions caused by the gage should be kept much smaller than the surface to environment temperature difference driving the heat flux. This necessitates a good thermal path between the sensor and the surface into which it is mounted. If the gage is not water cooled, a good thermal pathway to the system’s heat sink is important. The gage should have an effective thermal conductivity as great or greater than the surrounding material. It should also have good physical contact insured by a tight fit in the hole and a method to tighten the gage into the surface. An example method used to tighten the gage to the surface material is illustrated in Fig. 2. The gage housing has a flange and a separate tightening nut tapped into the surface material. If the gage is water cooled, the thermal pathway to the plate is less important. The heat transfer to the gage enters the water as the heat sink instead of the surrounding plate. Consequently, the thermal resistance between the gage and plate may even be increased to discourage heat transfer from the plate to the cooling water. Unfortunately, this may also increase the thermal mismatch between the gage and surrounding surface. Fig. 2 shows a heat flux gage mounted into a plate with the surface temperature of the gage of Ts and the surface temperature of the surrounding plate of Tp. As previously discussed, a difference in temperature between the gage and plate may also increase the local heat transfer coefficient over the gage. This amplifies the measurement error. Consequently, a well designed heat flux gage will keep the temperature difference ........

Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using Flush-Mounted Insert Temperature-Gradient Gages

ASTM E2684-09 使用安装于表面的单维扁平式量表测量热通量的标准试验办法

This test method will provide guidance for the measurement of the net heat flux to or from a surface location. To determine the radiant energy component the emissivity or absorptivity of the gage surface coating is required and should be matched with the surrounding surface. The potential physical and thermal disruptions of the surface due to the presence of the gage should be minimized and characterized. For the case of convection and low source temperature radiation to or from the surface it is important to consider how the presence of the gage alters the surface heat flux. The desired quantity is usually the heat flux at the surface location without the presence of the gage. Temperature limitations are determined by the gage material properties and the method of application to the surface. The range of heat flux that can be measured and the time response are limited by the gage design and construction details. Measurements from 10 W/m2 to above 100 kW/m2 are easily obtained with current sensors. Time constants as low as 10 ms are possible, while thicker sensors may have response times greater than 1 s. It is important to choose the sensor style and characteristics to match the range and time response of the required application. The measured heat flux is based on one-dimensional analysis with a uniform heat flux over the surface of the gage surface. Because of the thermal disruption caused by the placement of the gage on the surface, this may not be true. Wesley (3) and Baba et al. (4) have analyzed the effect of the gage on the thermal field and heat transfer within the surface substrate and determined that the one-dimensional assumption is valid when: where: ks= the thermal conductivity of the substrate material, R= the effective radius of the gage, δ= the combined thickness, and k= the effective thermal conductivity of the gage and adhesive layers. Measurements of convective heat flux are particularly sensitive to disturbances of the temperature of the surface. Because the heat transfer coefficient is also affected by any non-uniformities of the surface temperature, the effect of a small temperature change with location is further amplified, as explained by Moffat et al. (2) and Diller (5). Moreover, the smaller the gage surface area, the larger is the effect on the heat-transfer coefficient of any surface temperature non-uniformity. Therefore, surface temperature disruptions caused by the gage should be kept much smaller than the surface to environment temperature difference causing the heat flux. This necessitates a good thermal path between the gage and the surface onto which it is mounted. Fig. 2 shows a heat-flux gage mounted onto a plate with the surface temperature of the gage of Ts and the surface temperature of the surrounding plate of Tp. The goal is to keep the gage surface temperature as close as possbible to the plate temperature to minimize the thermal disruption of the gage. This requires the thermal resistance of the gage and adhesive to be minimized along the t.......

Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using Surface-Mounted One-Dimensional Flat Gages

ASTM E2602-09(2015) 使用调制温度差扫描量热法分配玻璃转变温度的标准试验方法

5.1 Materials undergo an increase in molecular mobility at the glass transition seen as a sigmoidal step increase in the heat capacity. This mobility increase may lead to kinetic events such as enthalpic recovery, chemical reaction or crystallization at temperatures near the glass transition. The heat flow associated with the kinetic events may interfere with the determination of the glass transition. 5.2 The glass transition is observed in differential scanning calorimetry as a sigmoidal or step change in specific heat capacity. 5.3 MTDSC provides a test method for the separation of the heat flow due to heat capacity and that associated with kinetic events making it possible to determine the glass transition in the presence of interfering kinetic event. 5.4 These test methods are useful in research and development, quality assurance and control and specification acceptance. 5.5 Other methods for assigning the glass transition temperature include differential scanning calorimetry (Test Method E1356), thermomechanical analysis (Test Method E1545) and dynamic mechanical analysis (Test Method E1640). 1.1 These test methods describe the assignment of the glass transition temperature of materials using modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) over the temperature range from –120 to +600°C. The temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation used. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 There are no ISO equivalents to this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for the Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry

ASTM C1702-09a 利用等温量热传导测量水硬性胶凝材料的水化热的标准试验方法

This method is suitable for determining the total heat of hydration of hydraulic cement at constant temperature at ages up to 7 days to confirm specification compliance. It gives test results equivalent to Test Method C186 up to 7 days of age (Poole (2007) (4)). This method compliments Practice C1679 by providing details of calorimeter equipment, calibration, and operation. Practice C1679 emphasizes interpretation significant events in cement hydration by analysis of time dependent patterns of heat flow, but does not provide the level of detail necessary to give precision test results at specific test ages required for specification compliance.1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining total heat of hydration of hydraulic cementitious materials at test ages up to 7 days by isothermal conduction calorimetry. 1.2 This test method also outputs data on rate of heat of hydration versus time that is useful for other analytical purposes, as covered in Practice C1679. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Materials Using Isothermal Conduction Calorimetry

ASTM E2585-09(2015) 采用闪光法测定热扩散率的标准实施规程

5.1 Thermal diffusivity is an important property, required for such purposes under transient heat flow conditions, such as design applications, determination of safe operating temperature, process control, and quality assurance. 5.2 The flash method is used to measure values of thermal diffusivity, α, of a wide range of solid materials. It is particularly advantageous because of simple specimen geometry, small specimen size requirements, rapidity of measurement and ease of handling. 5.3 Under certain strict conditions, specific heat capacity of a homogeneous isotropic opaque solid sample can be determined when the method is used in a quantitative fashion (see Test Method E1461, Appendix 1). 5.4 Thermal diffusivity results, together with related values of specific heat capacity (Cp) and density (ρ) values, can be used in many cases to derive thermal conductivity (λ), according to the relationship: 1.1 This practice covers practical details associated with the determination of the thermal diffusivity of primarily homogeneous isotropic solid materials. Thermal diffusivity values ranging from 10-7 to 10-3 m2/s are readily measurable by this from about 75 to 28008201;K. 1.2 This practice is adjunct to Test Method E1461. 1.3 This practice is applicable to the measurements performed on materials opaque to the spectrum of the energy pulse, but with special precautions can be used on fully or partially transparent materials. 1.4 This practice is intended to allow a wide variety of apparatus designs. It is not practical in a document of this type to establish details of construction and procedures to cover all contingencies that might offer difficulties to a person without pertinent technical knowledge, or to stop or restrict research and development for improvements in the basic technique. This practice provides guidelines for the construction principles, preferred embodiments and operating parameters for this type of instruments. 1.5 This practice is applicable to the measurements performed on essentially fully dense materials; however, in some cases it has shown to produce acceptable results when used with porous specimens. Since the magnitude of porosity, pore shapes, and parameters of pore distribution influence the behavior of the thermal diffusivity, extreme caution must be exercised when analyzing data. Special caution is advised when other properties, such as thermal conductivity, are derived from thermal diffusivity obtained by this method. 1.6 The flash can be consider......

Standard Practice for Thermal Diffusivity by the Flash Method

ANSI/UL 539-2009 单测点和多测点热报警器

Revision to proposal dated April 25, 2008.

Single and Multiple Station Heat Alarms

DS/EN 1434-3:2008 热量表 第3部分：数据交换和接口

This European Standard applies to heat meters, that is to instruments intended for measuring the heat which, in a heat-exchange circuit, is absorbed or given up by a liquid called the energy-conveying liquid. The meter indicates heat in legal units.Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this standard.Part 3 specifies the data exchange between a meter and a readout device (POINT / POINT communication). For these applications using the optical readout head, the EN 62056-21 protocol is recommended.For direct or remote local readout of a single or a few meters via a battery driven readout device, the physical layer of EN 13757-6 (local bus) is recomm

Heat Meters - Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces

ASTM E2009-08 用差示扫描量热法测定碳氢化合物氧化起始温度的标准试验方法

Oxidation onset temperature is a relative measure of the degree of oxidative stability of the material evaluated at a given heating rate and oxidative environment, for example, oxygen; the higher the OOT value the more stable the material. The OOT is described in Fig. 1. The OOT values can be used for comparative purposes and are not an absolute measurement, like the oxidation induction time (OIT) at a constant temperature (see Test Method E 1858). The presence or effectiveness of antioxidants may be determined by this test method. Typical uses of this test method include the oxidative stability of edible oils and fats (oxidative rancidity), lubricants, greases, and polyolefins. FIG. 1 DSC Oxidation Onset Temperature (OOT), Extrapolated Onset Temperature1.1 This test method describes the determination of the oxidative properties of hydrocarbons by differential scanning calorimetry or pressure differential scanning calorimetry under linear heating rate conditions and is applicable to hydrocarbons, which oxidize exothermically in their analyzed form. 1.2 Test Method A8212;A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure, of one atmosphere of oxygen. 1.3 Test Method B8212;A pressure DSC (PDSC) is used at high pressure, for example, 3.5 MPa (500 psig) oxygen. 1.4 Test Method C8212;A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is used at ambient pressure of one atmosphere of air. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Onset Temperature of Hydrocarbons by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

DIN EN 1434-2 Berichtigung 1:2008 量热计.第2部分:构造要求.勘误表DIN EN 1434-2-2007-05

Heat meters - Part 2: Constructional requirements; German version EN 1434-2:2007, Corrigenda to DIN EN 1434-2:2007-05; German version EN 1434-2:2007/AC:2007

PD CR 13582-1999 热电偶装置.一些关于热电偶选择，安装和操作指南

A heat meter is composed of three parts, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor pair and a calculator. The calculator is a unit which calculates volumes and energy consumption using the values from the temperature sensors and the flow sensor. The most common type of temperature sensor is a resistance thermometer of platinum type Pt 100, Pt 500 or Pt 1000. The sensors measure the temperature difference between the incoming and outgoing liquid . The flow sensor is probably the most troublesome assembly of the heat meter. Despite an accuracy requirement of only 4-10% it is very easy to fall outside these limits. In order to counter these effects as far as possible, there follows a summary of the various types of flow sensor and their advantages and disadvantages. The sizing of meters to match their required duty frequently turns out to have been incorrectly estimated when the heating plant commences operation. In most cases heat meters that are too large for their eventual duty are specified and accuracy at low load suffers as a result. Whilst this paper will give some guidance on essentials, it is felt that more information on this topic would be welcomed. Heat meter accuracies at times of rapidly changing heat demand are unlikely to be high. Whilst at times of low demand the effect of meter inaccuracy in terms of lost revenue is likely to be small, rapid changes involving high demands on the network may possibly have important implications in lost revenue if meter reaction to rapid changes is slow. Research into the subject seems to have been largely neglected so far. The most commonly used types of flow sensors have been listed in Annex B and the effect on accuracy of different types of disturbances for each of the listed types of flow sensors are considered. There is little information on the effects of flow and flow disturbances on the service life of the flow sensor, as distinct from its effect on the sensor’s accuracy. To be welcomed, therefore, is the long term research project on this topic initiated in Germany which should result in useful data.

Heat meter installation. Some guidelines for selecting, installation and operation of heat meters

DS/EN 1434-4/AC:2008 热量表 第4部分：型式认可测试

This European Standard specifies pattern approval tests applies to heat meters, that is to instruments intended for measur¬ing the heat which, in a heat-exchange circuit, is absorbed or given up by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units.Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard.Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard.Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard.

Heat meters - Part 4: Pattern approval tests

ASTM E458-08 烧蚀的热标准试验方法

General8212;The heat of ablation provides a measure of the ability of a material to serve as a heat protection element in a severe thermal environment. The parameter is a function of both the material and the environment to which it is subjected. It is therefore required that laboratory measurements of heat of ablation simulate the service environment as closely as possible. Some of the parameters affecting the heat of ablation are pressure, gas composition, heat transfer rate, mode of heat transfer, and gas enthalpy. As laboratory duplication of all parameters is usually difficult, the user of the data should consider the differences between the service and the test environments. Screening tests of various materials under simulated use conditions may be quite valuable even if all the service environmental parameters are not available. These tests are useful in material selection studies, materials development work, and many other areas. Steady-State Conditions8212;The nature of the definition of heat of ablation requires steady-state conditions. Variances from steady-state may be required in certain circumstances; however, it must be realized that transient phenomena make the values obtained functions of the test duration and therefore make material comparisons difficult. Temperature Requirements8212;In a steady-state condition, the temperature propagation into the material will move at the same velocity as the gas-ablation surface interface. A constant distance is maintained between the ablation surface and the isotherm representing the temperature front. Under steady-state ablation the mass loss and length change are linearly related. where: t= test time, s, ρo= virgin material density, kg/m3, δL= change in length or ablation depth, m, ρc= char density, kg/m3, and δc= char depth, m.This relationship may be used to verify the existence of steady-state ablation in the tests of charring ablators. Exposure Time Requirements8212;The exposure time required to achieve steady-state may be determined experimentally by the use of multiple models by plotting the total mass loss as a function of the exposure time. The point at which the curve departs significantly from linearity is the minimum exposure time required for steady-state ablation to be established. Cases exist, however, in the area of very high heating rates and high shear where this type of test for steady-state may not be possible. 1.1 This test method covers determination of the heat of ablation of materials subjected to thermal environments requiring the use of ablation as an energy dissipation process. Three concepts of the parameter are described and defined: cold wall, effective, and thermochemical heat of ab......

Standard Test Method for Heat of Ablation

EN 1434-3:2008 量热计.第3部分:数据交换和接口

This European Standard applies to heat meters, that is to instruments intended for measuring the heat which, in a heat-exchange circuit, is absorbed or given up by a liquid called the energy-conveying liquid. The meter indicates heat in legal units. Electrical safety requirements are not covered byThis standard. Part 3 specifies the data exchange between a meter and a readout device (POINT / POINT communication). For these applications using the optical readout head, the EN 62056-21 protocol is recommended. For direct or remote local readout of a single or a few meters via a battery driven readout device, the physical layer of EN 13757-6 (local bus) is recommended. For bigger networks with up to 250 meters, a master unit with AC mains supply according to EN 13757-2 is necessary to control the M-Bus. For these applications the physical and link layer of EN 13757-2 and the application layer of EN 13757-3 is required. For wireless meter communications, EN 13757-4 describes several alternatives of walk/drive-by readout via a mobile station or by using stationary receivers or a network. Both unidirectionally and bidirectionally transmitting meters are supported byThis standard.

Heat Meters - Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces