17.200.10 热、量热学 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1862-14 采用红外成像辐射仪测量和均衡反射温度的标准试验方法

5.1 The infrared energy that is reflected by a specimen can cause measurement errors for an infrared thermographer measuring its surface temperature. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this reflected temperature error source, the Reflector Method and the Direct Method. 5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory using commonly available materials. 5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities. 5.4 Due to the nature of the specimens, the repeatability and reproducibility are subjective. However, a measure of the precision of the procedures can be inferred from the results of the replicate procedures specified in 8.1.6 and 8.2.7. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for reflected temperature when measuring the surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.2 1.2 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically energized equipment, or both. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Reflected Temperature Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers

ASTM E1933-14 用红外线成像辐射计测量和补偿辐射率的标准实施规程

5.1 The emissivity of a specimen can cause surface temperature measurement errors. Two procedures are provided for measuring and compensating for this error source. 5.2 These procedures can be used in the field or laboratory, using commonly available materials. 5.3 These procedures can be used with any infrared radiometers that have the required computer capabilities. 5.4 The values of emissivity are defined only in terms of the procedure for the purpose of process control and nondestructive evaluation of materials. 1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring and compensating for emissivity when measuring the surface temperature of a specimen with an infrared imaging radiometer.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 These procedures may involve use of equipment and materials in the presence of heated or electrically-energized equipment, or both. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers

CSA C900.4-2013 热能表 - 第 4 部分：型式认可测试（第二版）

Thermal energy meters - Part 4: Testing for pattern approval (Second edition)

CSA C900.6-2013 热能表 - 第 6 部分：安装、调试、运行监控和维护

Thermal energy meters - Part 6: Installation, commissioning, operational monitoring and maintenance

CSA C900.2-2013 热能表 - 第 2 部分：制造要求（第二版）

Thermal energy meters - Part 2: Manufacturing requirements (second edition)

CSA C900.3-2013 热能表 - 第 3 部分：数据交换和接口（第二版）

Thermal energy meters - Part 3: Data exchange and interfaces (Second edition)

CSA C900.5-2013 热能表 - 第 5 部分：初始验证测试（第二版）

Thermal energy meters - Part 5: Initial verification tests (Second edition)

CSA C900.1-2013 热能表 - 第 1 部分：一般要求（第二版）

Compteurs d’énergie thermique - Partie 1 : Prescriptions générales (Deuxième édition)

ANSI/ASTM E1354:2013 耗氧量法测定材料及产品释热及可见烟雾释放速率方法

Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

GOST R 8.816-2013 确保测量一致性的国家系统. 天然气. 燃烧体积热(能量). 采用弹式量热器的测量方法

State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Natural gas. Volumetric heat (energy) of combustion. Method for measurement using the bomb calorimeter

DS/EN 1434-2/AC:2012 热量表 第2部分：结构要求

This European Standard specifies the constructural requirements and applies to heat meters, that is to instruments intended for measur¬ing the heat which, in a heat-exchange circuit, is absorbed or given up by a liquid called the heat-conveying liquid. The heat meter indicates the quantity of heat in legal units.Electrical safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard.Pressure safety requirements are not covered by this European Standard.Surface mounted temperature sensors are not covered by this European Standard.

Heat meters - Part 2: Constructional requirements

GOST R 8.789-2012 国家测量一致性保证体系.弹式量热器.验证方法

State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. The bomb calorimeters. The method of the verification

ASTM C1044-12 使用单面护热板设备或薄型加热器设备的标准实施规程

This practice provides a procedure for operating the apparatus so that the heat flow, Q′, through the meter section of the auxiliary insulation is small; determining Q′; and, calculating the heat flow, Q, through the meter section of the specimen. This practice requires that the apparatus have independent temperature controls in order to operate the cold plate and auxiliary cold plate at different temperatures. In the single-sides mode, the apparatus is operated with the temperature of the auxiliary cold plate maintained, as close as possible, to the temperature of the side of the hot plate adjacent to the auxiliary insulation. Note 48212;Ideally, if the temperature difference across the auxiliary insulation is zero and there are no edge heat losses or gains, all of the power input to the meter plate will flow through the specimen. In practice, a small correction is made for heat flow, Q′, through the auxiliary insulation. The thermal conductance, C′, of the auxiliary insulation must be determined from one or more separate tests using either Test Method C177, C1114, or as indicated in 5.4. The values of C′ should be checked periodically, particularly if during regular testing it is not possible to keep the temperature drop across the auxiliary insulation less than 1 % of the temperature drop across the test specimen. This practice can be used when it is desirable to determine the thermal properties of a single specimen. For example, the thermal properties of a single specimen are used to calibrate a heat-flow-meter apparatus for Test Method C518. In other cases, there may be only one specimen available.1.1 This practice covers the determination of the steady-state heat flow through the meter section of a specimen when a guarded-hot-plate apparatus or thin-heater apparatus is used in the single-sided mode of operation. 1.2 This practice provides a supplemental procedure for use in conjunction with either Test Method C177 or C1114 for testing a single specimen. This practice is limited to only the single-sided mode of operation, and, in all other particulars, the requirements of either Test Method C177 or C1114 apply. Note 18212;Test Methods C177 and C1114 describe the use of the guarded-hot-plate and thin-heater apparatus, respectively, for determining steady-state heat flux and thermal transmission properties of flat-slab specimens. In principle, these methods cover both the double- and single-sided mode of operation, and at present, do not distinguish between the accuracies for the two modes of operation. When appropriate, thermal transmission properties shall be calculated in accordance with Practice

Standard Practice for Using a Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus or Thin-Heater Apparatus in the Single-Sided Mode

ASTM E2890-12e1 使用基辛格法的差示扫描量热法测定热不稳定材料动力学参数的标准试验方法

6.1 This test method is useful for research and development, quality assurance, regulatory compliance and specification-based acceptance. 6.2 The kinetic parameters determined by this method may be used to calculate thermal hazard figures-of-merit according to Practice E1231. 1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters of Arrhenius activation energy and pre-exponential factor using the Kissinger variable heating rate iso-conversion method (1, 2)2 and activation energy and reaction order by the Farjas method (3) for thermally unstable materials. The test method is applicable to the temperature range from 300 to 900 K (27 to 627°C). 1.2 Both nth order and accelerating reactions are addressed by this method over the range of 0.5 < n < 4 and 1 < p < 4 where n is the nth order reaction order and p is the Avrami reaction order (4). Reaction orders n and p are determined by the Farjas method (3). 1.3 This test method uses the same experimental conditions as Test Method E698. The Flynn/Wall/Ozawa data treatment of Test Method E698 may be simultaneously applied to these experimental results. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 There is no ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Kinetic Parameters for Thermally Unstable Materials by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Using the Kissinger Method

DIN SPEC 91127:2011 样品质量和扫描速度的快速扫描量热计(FSC)温度校准建议;英文文本

The specification describes a protocol of temperature calibration procedures for Fast Scaning Calorimeters for high to very high scan rates and low to very low sample masses, respectively, thus complementing ISO 11357. 

Recommendation for Temperature Calibration of Fast Scanning Calorimeters (FSCs) for Sample Mass and Scan Rate; Text in English

ASTM E1354-11 用耗氧热量计测量材料和产品的热及可见烟雾释放率的标准试验方法

This test method is used primarily to determine the heat evolved in, or contributed to, a fire involving products of the test material. Also included is a determination of the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to sustained flaming, and smoke production. These properties are determined on small size specimens that are representative of those in the intended end use. This test method is applicable to various categories of products and is not limited to representing a single fire scenario. Additional guidance for testing is given in X1.2.3 and X1.11.1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor. 1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products. 1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream. 1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to initial test heat fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the initial test heat flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only. 1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming. 1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM E2781-11 用热分析测定动力参数方法评估的标准操作规程

The kinetic parameters provided in this standard may be used to evaluate the performance of a standard, apparatus, techniques or software for the determination parameters (such as Test Methods E698, E1641, E2041, or E2070) using thermal analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry, and accelerating rate calorimetry (Guide E1981). The results obtained by these approaches may be compared to the values provided by this practice. Note 48212;Not all reference materials are suitable for each measurement technique.1.1 It is the purpose of this Practice to provide kinetic parameters for reference materials used for evaluation of thermal analysis methods, apparatus and software where enthalpy and temperature are measured. This Practice addresses both exothermic and endothermic, nth order and autocatalytic reactions. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 There is no International Organization for Standardization (ISO) equivalent to this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Methods for Determination of Kinetic Parameters by Thermal Analysis

DS/CEN/TR 15760:2010 热量表 记录指令 2004/22/EC（MID）和 EN 1434:2007 之间关系的清单

This Technical Report constitutes a checklist to show the appropriate coverage of the relevant Essential Requirements for Heat Meters in the Measuring Instrument Directive 2004/22/EC with the technical solutions in EN 1434:2007.The checklist indicates that in EN 1434 you have standardized solutions that:- are one way of showing conformity to the MID;- make it possible to combine sub-assemblies of different brands;- make it possible to replace an installed sub-assembly with a sub-assembly of another brand.

Heat meters - Checklist documenting the relationship between the Directive 2004/22/EC (MID) and EN 1434:2007

ASTM E1933-99a(2010) 用红外成像辐射计测量和补偿发射率的标准试验方法

Standard Test Methods for Measuring and Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers

JIS B 7550:2010 量热计

Heat meters