75.040 原油 标准查询与下载

ASTM D1401-12e1 石油和合成液水分离性的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the water separation characteristics of oils subject to water contamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils. 1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.88201;mm2/s to 908201;mm2/s at 408201;°C, this test method may be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 828201;°C ± 18201;°C when testing products more viscous than 908201;mm2/s at 408201;°C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D2711 is recommended. Other test temperatures such as 258201;°C may also be used. A1% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications. 1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids

GOST 31378-2009 原油.通用规范

Crude petroleum. General specifications

KS M 2212-2011 溶剂稀释防锈油

이 표준은 용제 희석형 방청유(이하 방청유라 한다.)에 대하여 규정한다.

Corrosion preventive oils solvent dilution

GSO 560:2011 原油和石油产品的测试方法：测定石油油雾化程度

This test method covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, and with a cloud point below 49°C. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.

Method of testing crude oil and petroleum products – Standard test method for cloud point of petroleum oils

ASTM D4006-11 蒸馏水原油的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils. This test method may not be suitable for crude oils that contain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where the impact on the results may be significant, the user is advised to consider using another test method, such as Test Method D4928 (API MPMS Chapter 10.9).1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in crude oil by distillation. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and A1.1.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation

ASTM D1018-11(2016) 石油馏分中的氢的标准试验方法.

4.1 Knowledge of the hydrogen content of petroleum products, particularly fuels, can be helpful in assessing performance characteristics. 4.2 This test method is suitable for most laboratory applications requiring the determination of hydrogen in liquid petroleum lubricants and products. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydrogen in petroleum fractions that can be burned completely without smoking in a wick lamp. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions

GOST R 54389-2011 稳定凝析油.规范

Stable gas condensate. Specifications

ASTM D7691-11 感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)多元分析原油的标准试验方法

Most often determined trace elements in crude oils are nickel and vanadium, which are usually the most abundant; however, as many as 45 elements in crude oils have been reported. Knowledge of trace elements in crude oil is important because they can have an adverse effect on petroleum refining and product quality. These effects can include catalyst poisoning in the refinery and excessive atmospheric emission in combustion of fuels. Trace element concentrations are also useful in correlating production from different wells and horizons in a field. Elements such as iron, arsenic, and lead are catalyst poisons. Vanadium compounds can cause refractory damage in furnaces, and sodium compounds have been found to cause superficial fusion on fire brick. Some organometallic compounds are volatile which can lead to the contamination of distillate fractions, and a reduction in their stability or malfunctions of equipment when they are combusted. The value of crude oil can be determined, in part, by the concentrations of nickel, vanadium, and iron. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is a widely used technique in the oil industry. Its advantages over traditional atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) include greater sensitivity, freedom from molecular interferences, wide dynamic range, and multi-element capability. See Practice D7260.1.1 This test method covers the determination of several elements (including iron, nickel, sulfur, and vanadium) occurring in crude oils. 1.2 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below 190 nm, a vacuum or inert gas optical path is required. 1.3 Analysis for elements such as arsenic, selenium, or sulfur in whole crude oil may be difficult by this test method due to the presence of their volatile compounds of these elements in crude oil; but this test method should work for resid samples. 1.4 Because of the particulates present in crude oil samples, if they do not dissolve in the organic solvents used or if they do not get aspirated in the nebulizer, low elemental values may result, particularly for iron and sodium. This can also occur if the elements are associated with water which can drop out of the solution when diluted with solvent. 1.4.1 An alternative in such cases is using Test Method D5708, Procedure B, which involves wet decomposition of the oil sample and measurement by ICP-AES for nickel, vanadium, and iron, or Test Method D5863, Procedure A, which also uses wet acid decomposition and determines vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium using atomic absorption spectrometry. 1.4.2 From ASTM Interlaboratory Crosscheck Programs (ILCP) on crude oils data available so far, it is not clear that organic solvent dilution techniques would necessarily give lower results than those obtained using acid decomposition techniques. 1.4.3 It is also possible that, particularly in the case of silicon, low results may be obtained irrespective of whether organic dilution or acid decomposition is utilized. Silicones are present as oil field additives and can be lost in ashing. Silicates should be retained but unless hydrofluoric acid or alkali fusion is used for sample dissolution, they may not be accounted for. 1.5 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent and low results may be obtained for particles larger than a few micrometers. 1.6 The precision in Section 18 defines the concentration ranges cover......

Standard Test Method for Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

GOST R 54567-2011 石油.石油行业中化学品及确保其安全应用的要求

Petroleum. Requirements for chemical products ensuring their safe application in petroleum industry

ASTM D4007-11(2016) 采用离心机法 (实验室程序) 测定原油中水和泥沙的标准试验方法

4.1 The water and sediment content of crude oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers. It is not anticipated that this test method, which is written with a dedicated laboratory facility in mind, is likely to be used in field test rooms or sample rooms due to safety concerns for proper ventilation and handling. 4.2 This test method may not be suitable for crude oils that contain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where the impact on the results may be significant, the user is advised to consider using another test method, such as Test Method D4928 (API MPMS Chapter 10.9). 1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in crude oils by means of the centrifuge procedure. This centrifuge method for determining water and sediment in crude oils is not entirely satisfactory. The amount of water detected is almost always lower than the actual water content. When a highly accurate value is required, the revised procedures for water by distillation, Test Method D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) (Note 1), and sediment by extraction, Test Method D473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1), shall be used. Note 1: Test Method D4006 (API MPMS Chapter 10.2) has been determined to be the preferred and most accurate method for the determination of water. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear in 6.1, 8.3, and A1.5.4.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

DB23/T 1413-2010 油田含油污泥综合利用污染控制标准

Pollution Control Standards for Comprehensive Utilization of Oilfield Oily Sludge

KS M 2027-2010 原油及石油产品.硫磺含量测定方法

이 표준은 원유 및 석유 제품의 황분을 분석하는 방법에 대하여 규정한다.비고 이 시

Crude oil and petroleum products－Determination of sulfur content

ASTM D5762-10 石油和石油产品中通过船只入口化学发光法测定氮的标准试验方法

Many nitrogen compounds can contaminate refinery catalysts. They tend to be the most difficult class of compounds to hydrogenate, so the nitrogen content remaining in the product of a hydrotreator is a measure of the effectiveness of the hydrotreating process. In lubricating oils the concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen containing additives. This test method is intended for use in plant control and in research.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen in liquid hydrocarbons, including petroleum process streams and lubricating oils in the concentration range from 40 to 10 000 μg/g nitrogen. For light hydrocarbons containing less than 100 μg/g nitrogen, Test Method D4629 can be more appropriate. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 6, 7.1, 8.2, and 8.2.2.

Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence

GSO ISO 10336:2010 原油水分测定卡尔费休电位滴定法

This International Standard specifies a potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method for the direct determination of water in crude petroleum. It covers the range 0,05 % (m/m) to 2,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,05 % (m/m) but more than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. It covers the range 0,02 % (m/m) to 2,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. NOTE 1 A number of substances and classes of compounds associated with condensation or oxidation-reduction reactions interfere in the determination of water by Karl Fischer titration. However, the only likely interfering substances present in crude petroleum are mercaptans and ionic sulfides. At levels less than 0,05 % (m/m) as sulfur the interference is insignificant when determining water in the range 0,05 % (m/m) to 2,00 % (m/m). NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass and volume fractions respectively.

Crude petroleum - Determination of water - Potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method

ASTM D6377-10 测定原油蒸气压力的标准试验方法: VPCR_x(膨胀法)

Vapor pressure of crude oil at various V/Ls is an important physical property for shipping and storage. Note 28212;A vapor-liquid ratio of 0.02:1 (X = 0.02) mimics closely the situation of an oil tanker. Vapor pressure of crude oil is important to crude oil producers and refiners for general handling and initial refinery treatment. The vapor pressure determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (VPCR4) of crude oil at 37.8°C can be related to the vapor pressure value determined on the same material when tested by Test Method D323 (see Appendix X1). Chilling and air saturation of the sample prior to the vapor pressure measurement is not required. This test method can be applied in online applications in which an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement cannot be performed.1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum of crude oils. This test method is suitable for testing samples that exert a vapor pressure between 25 and 180 kPa at 37.8°C at vapor-liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.02:1 (X = 4 to 0.02). Note 18212;This test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures from 0 to 100°C and pressures up to 500 kPa, but the precision and bias statements (see Section 14) may not be applicable. 1.2 This test method allows the determination of vapor pressure for crude oil samples having pour points above 0°C. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2.1-7.3.2.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCR_x (Expansion Method)

GOST R 54284-2010 原油.通过库仑法卡尔费休水分测定仪进行水的测定

Crude oil. Determination of water by coulometric Karl Fischer titation

ASTM D4310-10(2015) 测定加抑制剂矿物油的油泥和腐蚀趋势的标准试验方法

5.1 Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions. 5.2 Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, during field service. However, no correlation with field service has been established. 1.1 This test method covers and is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 1: During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.88201;mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available (see Section 16). 1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.08201;mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime. 1.3 Procedure A of this test method requires the determination and report of the weight of the sludge and the total amount of copper in the oil, water, and sludge phases. Procedure B requires the sludge determination only. The acid number determination is optional for both procedures. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

GOST R 54291-2010 原油.组件沸腾温度范围分布的气体色谱测定法

Crude petroleum. Gas chromatography method for determination of components boiling temperature range distribution

ASTM D2892-10 原油蒸馏用标准试验方法(15块理论塔板蒸馏塔)

This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on a crude oil to determine its value. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges and is therefore valuable in technical discussions of a commercial nature. This test method corresponds to the standard laboratory distillation efficiency referred to as 15/5. The fractions produced can be analyzed as produced or combined to produce samples for analytical studies, engineering, and product quality evaluations. The preparation and evaluation of such blends is not part of this test method. This test method can be used as an analytical tool for examination of other petroleum mixtures with the exception of LPG, very light naphthas, and mixtures with initial boiling points above 400°C. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (see Note 1) to a final cut temperature of 400°C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories. Note 18212;Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi). 1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquefied gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point). 1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquefied petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400°C.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D7622-10e1 用燃烧和直接冷蒸汽原子吸收法和塞曼背景校正技术测量原油中总汞量的标准试验方法

The emission of mercury during crude oil refining is an environmental concern. The emission of mercury may also contaminate refined products and form amalgams with metals, such as aluminum. When representative test portions are analyzed according to this procedure, the total mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the total mercury content in a sample of crude oil. This test method can be used for total mercury determination in natural and processed liquid and oil products (gasoline, naphtha, etc.). 1.2 This test method may be applied to samples containing between 5.0 to 350 ng/mL of mercury. The results may be converted to mass basis. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with Zeeman Background Correction