N78 Ｘ射线、磁粉、荧光及其他探伤仪器 标准查询与下载

ASTM E915-10 残余应力测量用X射线衍射仪校准检定的标准试验方法

This test method provides a means of verifying instrument alignment in order to quantify and minimize systematic experimental error in X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement. This method is suitable for application to conventional diffractometers or to X-ray diffraction instrumentation of either the diverging or parallel beam types. , Application of this test method requires the use of a flat specimen of stress-free material that produces diffraction in the angular region of the diffraction peak to be used for stress measurement. The specimen must be sufficiently fine-grained and isotropic so that large numbers of individual crystals contribute to the diffraction peak produced. The crystals must provide intense diffraction at all angles of tilt, ψ, which will be employed (see Note 1). Note 18212;Complete freedom from preferred orientation in the stressfree specimen is, however, not critical in the application of the technique.1.1 This test method covers the preparation and use of a flat stress-free test specimen for the purpose of checking the systematic error caused by instrument misalignment or sample positioning in X-ray diffraction residual stress measurement, or both. 1.2 This test method is applicable to apparatus intended for X-ray diffraction macroscopic residual stress measurement in polycrystalline samples employing measurement of a diffraction peak position in the high-back reflection region, and in which the θ, 2θ, and ψ rotation axes can be made to coincide (see Fig. 1). 1.3 This test method describes the use of iron powder which has been investigated in round-robin studies for the purpose of verifying the alignment of instrumentation intended for stress measurement in ferritic or martensitic steels. To verify instrument alignment prior to stress measurement in other metallic alloys and ceramics, powder having the same or lower diffraction angle as the material to be measured should be prepared in similar fashion and used to check instrument alignment. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement

ASTM E1114-09e1 测定铱 - 192工业射线源焦点尺寸的标准试验方法

One of the factors affecting the quality of a radiographic image is geometric unsharpness. The degree of geometric unsharpness is dependent upon the size of the source, the distance between the source and the object to be radiographed, and the distance between the object to be radiographed and the film or digital detector. This test method allows the user to determine the size of the source and to use this result to establish source to object and object to film or detector distances appropriate for maintaining the desired degree of geometric unsharpness. Note 18212;The European standard CEN EN 12579 describes a simplified procedure for measurement of source sizes of Ir-192, Co-60 and Se-75. The resulting source size of Ir-192 is comparable to the results obtained by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the size of an Iridium-192 radiographic source. The determination is based upon measurement of the image of the Iridium metal source in a projection radiograph of the source assembly and comparison to the measurement of the image of a reference sample in the same radiograph. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Size of Iridium-192 Industrial Radiographic Sources

ASTM E1114-09 测定铱192工业射线源尺寸的标准试验方法

One of the factors affecting the quality of a radiographic image is geometric unsharpness. The degree of geometric unsharpness is dependent upon the size of the source, the distance between the source and the object to be radiographed, and the distance between the object to be radiographed and the film or digital detector. This test method allows the user to determine the size of the source and to use this result to establish source to object and object to film or detector distances appropriate for maintaining the desired degree of geometric unsharpness. Note 18212;The European standard CEN EN 12579 describes a simplified procedure for measurement of source sizes of Ir-192, Co-60 and Se-75. The resulting source size of Ir-192 is comparable to the results obtained by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the size of an Iridium-192 radiographic source. The determination is based upon measurement of the image of the Iridium metal source in a projection radiograph of the source assembly and comparison to the measurement of the image of a reference sample in the same radiograph. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Size of Iridium-192 Industrial Radiographic Sources

ASTM E1931-09 X射线康普顿散射断层摄影的标准指南

Principal Advantage of Compton Scatter Tomography8212;The principal advantage of CST is the ability to perform three-dimensional X-ray examination without the requirement for access to the back side of the examination object. CST offers the possibility to perform X-ray examination that is not possible by any other method. The CST sub-surface slice image is minimally affected by examination object features outside the plane of examination. The result is a radioscopic image that contains information primarily from the slice plane. Scattered radiation limits image quality in normal radiographic and radioscopic imaging. Scatter radiation does not have the same detrimental effect upon CST because scatter radiation is used to form the image. In fact, the more radiation the examination object scatters, the better the CST result. Low subject contrast materials that cannot be imaged well by conventional radiographic and radioscopic means are often excellent candidates for CST. Very high contrast sensitivities and excellent spatial resolution are possible with CST tomography. Limitations8212;As with any nondestructive testing method, CST has its limitations. The technique is useful on reasonably thick sections of low-density materials. While a 25 mm (1 in.) depth in aluminum or 50 mm (2 in.) in plastic is achievable, the examination depth is decreased dramatically as the material density increases. Proper image interpretation requires the use of standards and examination objects with known internal conditions or representative quality indicators (RQIs). The examination volume is typically small, on the order of a few cubic inches and may require a few minutes to image. Therefore, completely examining large structures with CST requires intensive re-positioning of the examination volume that can be time-consuming. As with other penetrating radiation methods, the radiation hazard must be properly addressed.1.1 Purpose8212;This guide covers a tutorial introduction to familiarize the reader with the operational capabilities and limitations inherent in X-ray Compton Scatter Tomography (CST). Also included is a brief description of the physics and typical hardware configuration for CST. 1.2 Advantages8212;X-ray Compton Scatter Tomography (CST) is a radiologic nondestructive examination method with several advantages that include: 1.2.1 The ability to perform X-ray examination without access to the opposite side of the examination object; 1.2.2 The X-ray beam need not completely penetrate the examination object allowing thick objects to be partially examined. Thick examination objects become part of the radiation shielding thereby reducing the radiation hazard; 1.2.3 The ability to examine and image object subsurface features with minimal influence from surface features; 1.2.4 The ability to obtain high-contrast images from low subject contrast materials that normally produce low-contrast images when using traditional transmitted beam X-ray imaging methods; and 1.2.5 The ability to obtain depth information of object features thereby providing a three-dimensional examination. The ability to obtain depth information presupposes the use of a highly collimated detector system having a narrow angle of acceptance. 1.3 Applications8212;This guide does not specify which examination objects are suitable, or unsuitable, for CST. As with most nondestructive examination techniques, CST is highly application specific thereby requiring the suitability of the method to be first demonstrated in the application labor......

Standard Guide for X-Ray Compton Scatter Tomography

ASTM E1255-09 放射线透视的标准实施规程

As with conventional radiography, radioscopic examination is broadly applicable to any material or examination object through which a beam of penetrating radiation may be passed and detected including metals, plastics, ceramics, composites, and other nonmetallic materials. In addition to the benefits normally associated with radiography, radioscopic examination may be either a dynamic, filmless technique allowing the examination part to be manipulated and imaging parameters optimized while the object is undergoing examination, or a static, filmless technique wherein the examination part is stationary with respect to the X-ray beam. The differentiation to systems with digital detector arrays (DDAs) is the use of an analog component such as an electro-optic device or an analog camera. Recent technology advances in the area of projection imaging, camera techniques, and digital image processing provide acceptable sensitivity for a wide range of applications. If normal video rates are not adequate to detect features of interest then averaging techniques with no movement of the test object shall be used.1.1 This practice provides application details for radioscopic examination using penetrating radiation. This includes dynamic radioscopy and for the purposes of this practice, radioscopy where there is no motion of the object during exposure (referred to as static radioscopic imaging) both using an analog component such as an electro-optic device or analog camera. Since the techniques involved and the applications for radioscopic examination are diverse, this practice is not intended to be limiting or restrictive, but rather to address the general applications of the technology and thereby facilitate its use. Refer to Guides E 94 and E 1000, Terminology E 1316, Practice E 747, Practice E 1025, Test Method E 2597, and Fed. Std. Nos. 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96 for a list of documents that provide additional information and guidance. 1.2 The general principles discussed in this practice apply broadly to penetrating radiation radioscopic systems. However, this document is written specifically for use with X-ray and gamma-ray systems. Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing neutrons, will involve equipment and application details unique to such systems. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety statements, see Section 8 and Fed. Std. Nos. 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96. A1.1.1 Purpose8212;This annex is to be used in conjunction with Practices E 1255 and E 1742. It permits the use of and gives guidance on the implementation of radioscopic examination for materials, components, and assemblies, when specified in the contract documents. The radioscopic requirements described herein allow the use of radioscopy for new applications as well as to replace radiography when examination coverage, greater throughput, or improved examination economics can be obtained, provided a satisfactory level of image quality can be demonstrated. A1.1.2 Application8212; This annex provides guidelines for a written practice as required in 3.2 and 5.2.1 of Practice E 1255. Should the requirements in this annex conflict with any other requirements of Practice E 1255, then Annex A1 takes precedence. The requirements of this annex are intended to control the qual......

Standard Practice for Radioscopy

BS EN ISO 12718:2008 无损检验.涡流探伤.词汇

This International Standard defines terms used in eddy current testing. NOTE In addition to terms used in English and French, two of the three official ISO languages (English, French and Russian), this document gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN), and are given for information only. Only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.

Non-destructive testing - Eddy current testing - Vocabulary

NF A09-231-2:2008 无损检验.无损检验用工业X射线系统中焦点的特性.第2部分:针孔照相机射线摄影法

Non-destructive testing - Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing - Part 2: Pinhole camera radiographic method.

JC/T 1085-2008 水泥用X射线荧光分析仪

本标准规定了水泥用X射线荧光分析仪的原理；术语和定义；技术要求；试验方法；验收规则；标志、包装、运输、贮存与使用。 本标准适用于用于水泥及其原材料化学成分分析的X射线荧光分析仪的新购仪器验收和在用仪器校准。

X-ray fluorescence analyzer for cement

ASTM F792-08 评估X射线安全设备的成像系统性能的标准实施规程

This practice applies to and establishes a method to measure the imaging performance of X-ray systems used for the screening for prohibited items such as weapons, explosives and explosive devices in baggage, packages, cargo or mail. This practice is intended for use by manufacturers to assess performance and by evaluators of security and contraband screening X-ray systems to verify performance. This practice is intended to establish whether an X-ray system meets the manufacturer''s specification or if the system''s performance has deteriorated over time. This practice may be used for manufacturing control, specification acceptance, service evaluation or regulatory statutes. This practice is intended for use at both the point of manufacture and where the system is operated. The latter includes locations such as security checkpoints of transportation terminals, nuclear power stations, correctional institutions, corporate mailrooms, government offices and other security areas. The most significant attributes of this practice are the design of a standard Test Object and standard methods for determining the performance levels of the system. In screening objects with X-ray systems video images are the primary inputs provided to operators. The better the quality of these images, the better the potential performance of the operator.1.1 This practice applies to all X-ray based screening systems, with tunnel apertures up to 1 m wide × 1 m high, whether it is a conventional X-ray system or an explosives detection system (EDS) that provides a projection or projection/scatter image for an operator to interpret. 1.2 This practice applies to X-ray systems used for the screening for prohibited items such as weapons, explosives, and explosive devices in baggage, packages, cargo, or mail. 1.3 This practice establishes quantitative and qualitative methods for evaluating the systems. This practice does not establish minimum performance requirements for any particular application. 1.4 This practice relies upon the use of a standard test object (ASTM X-ray Test Object) to determine the applicable performance levels of the systems. The specific test object is subsequently described and referred to in this document as the “Test Object.” 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Imaging Performance of Security X-Ray Systems

KS B ISO 1027:2007 无损检测用射线图像质量指标.原理与识别

이 규격은 방사선 투과 검사용 상질계의 특성과 상질계를 식별할 수 있도록 하는 기호에 대하

Radiographic image quality indicators for non－destructive testing－Principles and identification

JIS Z 4606:2007 射线照相测试用工业X-射线仪

この規格は，X線透過試験用いる工業用X線装置(以下，x線装置という。)について規定する。

Industrial X-ray apparatus for radiographic testing

JIS Z 4615:2007 工业X-射线仪用有效焦点尺寸的测量

この規格は，JIS Z 4606に規定した工業用x線装置のうち，焦点の呼び寸法が300 μm以上の装置の実効焦点寸法測定方法について規定する。

Measurement of the effective focal spot size for industrial X-ray apparatus

ASTM E746-07 工业X射线照相成像系统的相关图像质量特性曲线的测定用标准实施规程

This standard provides a practice for RIQR evaluations of film and non-film imaging systems when exposed through steel or plastic materials. Three alternate data evaluation methods are provided in Section 9. Determining RIQR requires the comparison of at least two radiographs or radiographic processes whereby the relative degree of image quality difference may be determined using the EPS plaque arrangement of Fig. 1 as a relative image quality indicator (RIQI). In conjunction with the RIQI, a specified radiographic technique or method must be established and carefully controlled for each radiographic process. This practice is designed to allow the determination of subtle changes in EPS that may arise to radiographic imaging system performance levels resultant from process improvements/changes or change of equipment attributes. This practice does not address relative unsharpness of a radiographic imaging system as provided in Practice E 2002. The common element with any relative comparison is the use of the same RIQI arrangement for both processes under evaluation. In addition to the standard evaluation method described in Section 9, there may be other techniques/methods in which the basic RIQR arrangement of Fig. 1 might be utilized to perform specialized assessments of relative image quality performance. For example, other radiographic variables can be altered to facilitate evaluations provided these differences are known and documented for both processes. Where multiple radiographic process variables are evaluated, it is incumbent upon the user of this practice to control those normal process attributes to the degree suitable for the application. Specialized RIQR techniques may also be useful with micro focus X-ray, isotope sources of radiation or with the use of non-film radiographic imaging systems. RIQR may also be useful in evaluating imaging systems with alternate materials (RIQI and base plate) such as copper-nickel or aluminum. When using any of these specialized applications, the specific method or techniques used shall be as specified and approved by the cognizant engineering authority.1.1 This standard provides a practice whereby industrial radiographic imaging systems may be comparatively assessed using the concept of relative image quality response (RIQR). The RIQR method presented within this practice is based upon the use of equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) described within Practice E 1025 and subsection 5.2 of this practice. Figure 1 illustrates a relative image quality indicator (RIQI) that has four different steel plaque thicknesses (.015, .010, .008, and .005 in.) sequentially positioned (from top to bottom) on a ¾-in. thick steel plate. The four plaques contain a total of 14 different arrays of penetrameter-type hole sizes designed to render varied conditions of threshold visibility ranging from 1.92 % EPS (at the top) to .94 % EPS (at the bottom) when exposed to nominal 200 keV X-ray radiation. Each “EPS” array consists of 30 identical holes; thus, providing the user with a quantity of threshold sensitivity levels suitable for relative image qualitative response comparisons. 1.2 This practice is not intended to qualify the performance of a specific radiographic technique nor for assurance that a radiographic technique will detect specific discontinuities in a specimen undergoing radiographic examination. This practice is not intended to be used to classify or derive performance classification categories for radiographic imaging systems. For example, performance classifications of radiographic film systems may be found within Test Method E 1815. 1.3 This practice contains an alternate provision whereby industrial radiographic imaging systems may be c......

Standard Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems

KS B ISO 3452-4:2006 无损检验.渗透性检验.第4部分:设备

이 규격은 침투 탐상 검사에 사용되는 장비의 특성에 대하여 규정한다. 침투 탐상 검사시 필

Non-destructive testing-Penetrant testing-Part 4:Equipment

BS EN 584-1:2006 无损检测.工业X射线照相胶片.工业X射线胶片系统的分类

This European Standard specifies the requirements and associated test methods applicable to ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for the construction of drains and sewers outside buildings: ? operating without pressure (gravity sewerage), or with positive or negative pressure (see Table 5); ? to be installed below or above ground; ? to convey surface water, domestic waste water and certain types of industrial effluents, either in separate systems or in combined systems. This European Standard applies to pipes, fittings and accessories which are: ? manufactured with socketed, flanged or spigot ends; ? normally delivered externally and internally coated; ? suitable for continuous fluid temperatures between 0 °C excluding frost, and 45 °C for DN ≤ 200 or 35 °C for DN > 200, according to EN 476; ? not intended for use in areas subject to reaction to fire regulations. This European Standard covers pipes, fittings and accessories cast by any type of foundry process or manufactured by fabrication of cast components, as well as corresponding joints, of a size range extending from DN 80 to DN 2000 inclusive. This European Standard specifies requirements for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties and standard coatings of ductile iron pipes and fittings. It also gives performance requirements for all components including joints. Joint design and gasket shapes are outside the scope of this European Standard.

Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic film - Classification of film systems for industrial radiography

ISO/DIS 15548-3:2006 无损检测 涡流检测设备 第3部分:系统性能和检验

GB/T 14480的本部分规定了通用涡流检测系统的性能并提供了性能的测量和检测方法。 允许对涡流检测设备进行清晰详细的描述和比较来评价检测系统性能。 对于专门的应用， 通过精选系统性能能够设计成一致有效的涡流检测系统。 当使用辅附设备时宜应用GB/T 14480本部分的原理来表征。 本部分未给出性能检测指标也未给的验收准则， 这些内容在应用技术文件中给出。

Non-destructive testing-Equipment for eddy current examination-Part 3:System characteristics and verification

JB/T 6870-2005 携带式旋转磁场探伤仪.技术条件

本标准规定了携带式旋转磁场探伤仪的要求、试验方法、检验规则和标志、包装、运输、贮存和随行文件。 本标准适用于无损检测用携带式旋转磁场粉探伤仪(以下简称探伤仪)。

Specifications for the mobile rotating-field flaw detectors

KS C IEC 61263:2005 辐射防护仪表.便携式快速测量矿井中α潜能用仪表

이 규격은 지하 갱 내부 공기 중의 라돈 222Rn 붕괴 생성물에 기인하는 부피 퍼텐셜 알

Radiation protection instrumentation-Portable potential alpha energy meter for rapid measurements in mines

ASTM E545-05(2010) 测定直接热中子射线照相试验中成像质量的标准试验方法

The BPI is designed to yield quantitative information concerning neutron beam and image system parameters that contribute to film exposure and thereby affect overall image quality. In addition, the BPI can be used to verify the day-to-day consistency of the neutron radiographic quality. Gadolinium conversion screens and single-emulsion silver-halide films, exposed together in the neutron imaging beam, were used in the development and testing of the BPI. Use of alternative detection systems may produce densitometric readings that are not valid for the equations used in Section 9. The only truly valid sensitivity indicator is a reference standard part. A reference standard part is a material or component that is the same as the object being neutron radiographed except with a known standard discontinuity, inclusion, omission, or flaw. The sensitivity indicators were designed to substitute for the reference standard and provide qualitative information on hole and gap sensitivity. The number of areas or objects to be radiographed and the film acceptance standard used should be specified in the contract, purchase order, specification, or drawings.1.1 This test method covers the use of an Image Quality Indicator (IQI) system to determine the relative quality of radiographic images produced by direct, thermal neutron radiographic examination. The requirements expressed in this test method are not intended to control the quality level of materials and components. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded to be standard.

Standard Test Method for Determining Image Quality in Direct Thermal Neutron Radiographic Examination

ASTM E1219-05 用溶剂可回收工艺技术进行荧光液渗透检验的标准试验方法

Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This test method is intended primarily for portability and for localized areas of examination, utilizing minimal equipment, when a higher level of sensitivity than can be achieved using visible process is required. Surface roughness may be a limiting factor. If so, an alternative process such as post-emulsified penetrant should be considered, when grinding or machining is not practical.1.1 This test method covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This test method also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination solvent-removable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent solvent-removable liquid penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.4 All areas of this document may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Solvent-Removable Process