N78 Ｘ射线、磁粉、荧光及其他探伤仪器 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1210-05 用亲水乳化工艺技术进行荧光液渗透检验的标准试验方法

Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This test method is normally used for production examination of critical components, where reproducibility is essential. More procedural controls and processing steps are required than with other processes.1.1 This test method covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This test method also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination hydrophilic post-emulsification process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain their applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts using the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 All areas of this test method may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.

Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process

ASTM E1209-05 用水洗工艺技术进行荧光液渗透检验的标准试验方法

Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This method is normally used for production inspection of large volumes of parts or structures, where emphasis is on productivity. The method enjoys a wide latitude in applicability when extensive and controlled conditions are available. Multiple levels of sensitivity can be achieved by proper selection of materials and variations in process.1.1 This test method covers procedures for water-washable fluorescent penetrant examination of materials. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of porosity and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass. 1.2 This test method also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination method using the water-washable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the water-washable fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.1.5 All areas of this document may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Water-Washable Process

ASTM E1208-05 利用亲脂乳化工艺技术进行荧光液渗透检验的标准试验方法

Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This test method is normally used for production examination of critical components or structures when (a) removal of excessive amounts of penetrant from discontinuities using a water-washable process can be a problem and (b) the use of a hydrophilic remover is impractical.1.1 This test method covers procedures for fluorescent liquid penetrant examination utilizing the lipophilic post-emulsification process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This test method also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a fluorescent liquid penetrant examination, lipophilic post-emulsification process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts using the lipophilic post-emulsification process. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that indications must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.1.5 All areas of this document may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process

ASTM E1220-05 用溶剂可回收工艺技术进行可视渗透检验的标准试验方法

Liquid penetrant examination methods indicate the presence, location, and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected discontinuities. This test method is intended primarily for portability and for localized areas of examination, utilizing minimal equipment. Surface roughness may be a limiting factor. If so, an alternate process, such as water-wash visible or post-emulsified penetrant should be considered when grinding or machining is not practical.1.1 This test method covers procedures for visible penetrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass.1.2 This test method also provides a reference:1.2.1 By which a visible penetrant examination method using the solvent-removable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness.1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the visible, solvent-removable liquid penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended.1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination.1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be noted, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable.1.4 All areas of this test method may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Visible Penetrant Examination Using the Solvent-Removable Process

ASTM E2445-05(2010) 计算机射线照相系统的长期稳定性与鉴定方法的标准操作规程

There are several factors affecting the quality of a CR image including the spatial resolution of the IP system, geometrical unsharpness, scatter and contrast sensitivity (signal/noise ratio). There are several additional factors (for example, scanning parameters), which affect the accurate reading of images on exposed IPs using an optical scanner. The quality factors can be determined most accurately by the CR equipment manufacturer tests as described in Practice E2446. Individual test targets, which are recommended for practical user tests, are described for quality assurance. These tests can be carried out either separately or by the use of the CR phantom (Appendix X1). This CR phantom incorporates many of the basic quality assessment methods and those associated with the correct functioning of a CR system, including the scanner, for reading exposed plates and incorrectly erasing IPs for future use of each plate. This practice is for users of industrial CR systems. This practice defines the tests to be performed, by users of CR systems, periodically to evaluate the CR systems to prove proper performance over the life-cycle of the system. Application of Various Tests and Test Methods Tests after Repair, Upgrade or the Use of Another IP Type: Since modifications, such as repair or upgrade of the CR scanner and improved IP may improve the functionality of the system, specialized tests are required to prove the proper performance of the CR system. User Tests for Long-term Stability8212;Quality assurance in test laboratories requires periodical tests of the CR system to prove the proper performance of the system. The time interval depends on the degree of usage of the system and shall be defined by the user and consideration of the CR equipment manufacturer’s information. The tests described in 6.2.1 through 6.2.6 require usage of quality indicators of 5.1 or the CR test phantom shall be used regularly at user-defined intervals to test the basic performance. The documentation shall contain: (1) Spatial resolution (by duplex-wire method, optional converging line pairs), (2) Contrast (recognized contrast percentage of the material to examine), (3) Slipping (yes/no), (4) Jitter (yes/no), (5) Shading (percentage at selected distance), (6) Radiation parameters of the performed tests, and (7) Date and operator name. Fading tests should be performed only if the scanner or IP-brand is changed without data from the CR equipment manufacturer, or the system is used under extreme (beyond manufacturer’s recommendation) temperature conditions. The fading should be less than 50 % in the expected period between exposure and scan. The IPs shall be checked for artifacts (6.2.7) and proper erasure (6.2.6). Degradation of IPs or photo multipliers in the scanner may reduce the system sensitivity after extensive usage. For this reason, the SNR should be measured at longer intervals (for example, annual period) by the user or service personnel. The SNR shall not be less than 90 % of the original value. The increase of the SNR can be accepted without limits, if the system unsharpness is not increased.1.1 This practice specifies the fundamental parameters of computed radiography systems to assure satisfactory and repeatable results for nondestructive testing. 1.2 This......

Standard Practice for Qualification and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiology Systems

JB/T 5453-2004 工业X射线图像增强器电视系统 技术条件

　　本标准规定了工业X射线图像强器电视系统的要求、试验方法、检验规则和标志、包装、运输、贮存等内容。 　　本标准适用工业X射线图像增强器电视系统。

Technical specification for industrial X-ray image intensifier TV system

ASTM E1165-04(2010) 用针孔成象法测量工业 X射线管焦点的标准试验方法

One of the factors affecting the quality of a radiographic image is geometric unsharpness. The degree of geometric unsharpness is dependent upon the focal size of the radiation source, the distance between the source and the object to be radiographed, and the distance between the object to be radiographed and the film. This test method allows the user to determine the focal size of the X-ray source and to use this result to establish source to object and object to film distances appropriate for maintaining the desired degree of geometric unsharpness.1.1 This test method provides instructions for determining the length and width dimensions of line focal spots in industrial X-ray tubes (see Note 1). This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” projection/imaging technique. Note 18212;Line focal spots are associated with vacuum X-ray tubes whose maximum voltage rating does not generally exceed 500 kV. 1.2 This test method may not yield meaningful results on focal spots whose nominal size is less than 0.3 mm (0.011 in.). (See Note 2.) Note 28212;The X-ray tube manufacturer may be contacted for nominal focal spot dimensions. 1.3 This test method may also be used to determine the presence or extent of focal spot damage or deterioration that may have occurred due to tube age, tube overloading, and the like. This would entail the production of a focal spot radiograph (with the pinhole method) and an evaluation of the resultant image for pitting, cracking, and the like. 1.4 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging

ASTM E1114-03 测定铱192工业X射线源的聚焦尺寸的标准试验方法

One of the factors affecting the quality of a radiographic image is geometric unsharpness. The degree of geometric unsharpness is dependent upon the focal size of the source, the distance between the source and the object to be radiographed, and the distance between the object to be radiographed and the film. This test method allows the user to determine the focal size of the source and to use this result to establish source to object and object to film distances appropriate for maintaining the desired degree of geometric unsharpness.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the focal size of an iridium-192 radiographic source. The determination is based upon measurement of the image of the iridium metal source in a projection radiograph of the source assembly and comparison to the measurement of the image of a reference sample in the same radiograph. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Focal Size of Iridium-192 Industrial Radiographic Sources

ASME SEC V B SE-1025-2001 用于透照的孔型图像质量指示器的设计生产和材料分组分类的标准规定.ASTM E1025-98

Boiler and Pressure Vessel.Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology ASTM E1025-98

Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology ASTM E1025-98

XP A06-379-1999 波长散射性X射线荧光光谱分析的标准常规用法的制定指南

Guidelines for the preparation of standard routine methods with wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

JB/T 9402-1999 工业X射线探伤机 性能测试方法

　　本标准适用于额定电源电压为交流220V、380V或220V/380，频率为50Hz的完全防电击的工业X射线探伤机的性能测试。 本标准规定了进行技术性能试验和安全可靠性、称定性试验时，试验仪器、试验程序、结果处理等。试验一般条件： a) 环境温度为2℃～40℃； b) 空气相对湿度不大于85%； c) 电源电压波动不超过额定电源电压的±10%； d) 大气压力83979Pa～106640OPa； e) 试验室屏蔽良好不受外界射线电离辐射干扰。

Performance test method of industrial X-ray flaw detector

ASTM F1467-99(2005)e1 微电子装置的电离辐射效应试验中 X 射线测试仪(近似等于10 keV 辐射量子)的使用的标准指南

Electronic circuits used in many space, military and nuclear power systems may be exposed to various levels of ionizing radiation dose. It is essential for the design and fabrication of such circuits that test methods be available that can determine the vulnerability or hardness (measure of nonvulnerability) of components to be used in such systems. Manufacturers are currently selling semiconductor parts with guaranteed hardness ratings, and the military specification system is being expanded to cover hardness specification for parts. Therefore test methods and guides are required to standardize qualification testing. Use of low energy (≈10 keV) X-ray sources has been examined as an alternative to cobalt-60 for the ionizing radiation effects testing of microelectronic devices (3, 4, 5, 6). The goal of this guide is to provide background information and guidance for such use where appropriate. Note 38212;Cobalt-60The most commonly used source of ionizing radiation for ionizing radiation (“total dose”) testing is cobalt-60. Gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV are the primary ionizing radiation emitted by cobalt-60. In exposures using cobalt-60 sources, test specimens must be enclosed in a lead-aluminum container to minimize dose-enhancement effects caused by low-energy scattered radiation (unless it has been demonstrated that these effects are negligible). For this lead-aluminum container, a minimum of 1.5 mm of lead surrounding an inner shield of 0.7 to 1.0 mm of aluminum is required. (See 8.2.2.2 and Practice E1249.) The X-ray tester has proven to be a useful ionizing radiation effects testing tool because: It offers a relatively high dose rate, in comparison to most cobalt-60 sources, thus offering reduced testing time. The radiation is of sufficiently low energy that it can be readily collimated. As a result, it is possible to irradiate a single device on a wafer. Radiation safety issues are more easily managed with an X-ray irradiator than with a cobalt-60 source. This is due both to the relatively low energy of the photons and due to the fact that the X-ray source can easily be turned off. X-ray facilities are frequently less costly than comparable cobalt-60 facilities. The principal radiation-induced effects discussed in this guide (energy deposition, absorbed-dose enhancement, electron-hole recombination) (see Appendix X1) will remain approximately the same when process changes are made to improve the performance of ionizing radiation hardness of a part that is being produced. This is the case as long as the thicknesses and compositions of the device layers are substantially unchanged. As a result of this insensitivity to process variables, a 10-keV X-ray tester is expected to be an excellent apparatus for process improvement and control. Several published reports have indicated success in intercomparing X-ray and cobalt-60 gamma irradiations using corrections for dose enhancement and for electron-hole recombination. Other reports have indicated that the present understanding of the physical effects is not adequate to explain experimental results. As a result, it is not fully certain that the differences between the effects of X-ray and cobalt-60 gamma irradiation are adequately understood at this time. (See 8.2.1 and Appendix X2.) Because of this possible failure of understanding of the photon energy dependence of radiation effects, if a 10-keV X-ray tester is to be used for qualification testing or lot acceptance testing, it is recommended that such tests should ..........

Standard Guide for Use of an X-Ray Tester ([approximate]10 keV Photons) in Ionizing Radiation Effects Testing of Semiconductor Devices and Microcircuits

ASTM E1220-99 用可移动溶剂法作可视性液体渗透检验的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for visible penetrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass. 1.2 This test method also provides a reference: 1.2.1 By which a visible penetrant examination method using the solvent-removable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness. 1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the visible, solvent-removable liquid penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended. 1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination. 1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be noted, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 3, 10, and 13.

Standard Test Method for Visible Penetrant Examination Using the Solvent-Removable Process

ASTM E1210-99 用亲水的乳化法作荧光液体渗透检验的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass. 1.2 This test method also provides a reference: 1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination hydrophilic post-emulsification process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain their applicability and completeness. 1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent penetrant examination of materials and parts using the hydrophilic post-emulsification process. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended. 1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination. 1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 4, 12, and 18.

Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process

ASTM E1219-99 用可移动溶剂法作荧光液体渗透检验的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination utilizing the solvent-removable process. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to inprocess, final, and maintenance examination. It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and glass. 1.2 This test method also provides a reference: 1.2.1 By which a fluorescent penetrant examination solvent-removable process recommended or required by individual organizations can be reviewed to ascertain its applicability and completeness. 1.2.2 For use in the preparation of process specifications dealing with the fluorescent solvent-removable liquid penetrant examination of materials and parts. Agreement by the purchaser and the manufacturer regarding specific techniques is strongly recommended. 1.2.3 For use in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned with the liquid penetrant examination. 1.3 This test method does not indicate or suggest standards for evaluation of the indications obtained. It should be noted, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there must be a separate code or specification or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable, and those considered unacceptable. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Notes 5, 12, and 16.

Standard Test Method for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Examination Using the Solvent-Removable Process

ISO 3452-4:1998 无损检测 渗透性探伤检验 第4部分:设备

This European standard specifies the characteristics of equipment used in penetrant testing. The characteristics of equipment required for carrying out penetrant testing depend on the number of tests to be made and on the size of the components to be tested. Two types of equipment are included in this standard: a) equipment suitable for carrying out in situ penetrant testing techniques; b) fixed installations.

Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 4: Equipment

JB/T 8290-1998 磁粉探伤机

本标准规定了生产磁粉探伤机的要求和检验方法。 本标准适用于交流、直流、半波整流及全波整流磁粉控伤机;不适用于电磁轭控伤仪、旋转磁场探伤仪等磁轭式磁粉探伤仪。

Magnetic particle flaw detectors

JB/T 8764-1998 工业探伤用X射线管通用技术条件

本标准规定了工业探伤用X射线管技术要求，检验规则，试验方法和标志、包装、运输、贮存等。 本标准适用于管电压不超过500kV的X射线管。

General specification for X-ray detection apparatns for industry

ASTM E1000-98(2009) 射线的标准指南

Radioscopy is a versatile nondestructive means for examining an object. It provides immediate information regarding the nature, size, location, and distribution of imperfections, both internal and external. It also provides a rapid check of the dimensions, mechanical configuration, and the presence and positioning of components in a mechanism. It indicates in real-time the presence of structural or component imperfections anywhere in a mechanism or an assembly. Through manipulation, it may provide three-dimensional information regarding the nature, sizes, and relative positioning of items of interest within an object, and can be further employed to check the functioning of internal mechanisms. Radioscopy permits timely assessments of product integrity, and allows prompt disposition of the product based on acceptance standards. Although closely related to the radiographic method, it has much lower operating costs in terms of time, manpower, and material. Long-term records of the radioscopic image may be obtained through motion-picture recording (cinefluorography), video recording, or “still” photographs using conventional cameras. The radioscopic image may be electronically enhanced, digitized, or otherwise processed for improved visual image analysis or automatic, computer-aided analysis, or both.1.1 This guide is for tutorial purposes only and to outline the general principles of radioscopic imaging. 1.2 This guide describes practices and image quality measuring systems for real-time, and near real-time, nonfilm detection, display, and recording of radioscopic images. These images, used in materials examination, are generated by penetrating radiation passing through the subject material and producing an image on the detecting medium. Although the described radiation sources are specifically X-ray and gamma-ray, the general concepts can be used for other radiation sources such as neutrons. The image detection and display techniques are nonfilm, but the use of photographic film as a means for permanent recording of the image is not precluded. Note 18212;For information purposes, refer to Terminology E 1316. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Guide for Radioscopy

ASTM C1269-97(2003) 内置穿过式金属探测器操作灵敏度设置调整的标准规程

Performing this procedure from this practice should result in a properly adjusted walk-through metal detector operating at or near the optimum sensitivity setting for the environment in which it is installed. This practice determines the lowest sensitivity setting required to detect a specified test object and establishes a sensitivity setting suitable for most operational needs. This practice may be used to establish an initial sensitivity setting for follow-on procedures that determine credible values for probability of detection and confidence level, as required by regulatory authorities.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for adjusting the operational sensitivity of in-plant walk-through metal detectors. Performance of this procedure should result with in-plant walk-through metal detectors being adjusted to an initial operational sensitivity setting suitable for performance testing. 1.2 This practice does not set test object specifications or specify specific test objects. These should be specified by the regulatory authority. 1.3 This practice uses information developed by Practice C1270, or an equivalent procedure, which identifies the critical test object (from a specified set of test objects), its critical orientation, and the critical test path through the detection zone. In the case of Practice C1270, the information is found on the detection sensitivity map(s) for each in-plant walk-through metal detector. 1.4 This practice is one of several developed to assist operators of nuclear facilities with meeting the metal detection performance requirements of the regulatory authorities (see Appendix). 1.5 This standard practice is neither intended to set performance levels nor limit or constrain technologies. 1.6 This practice does not address safety or operational issues associated with the use of walk-through metal detectors. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standards. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Practice for Adjusting the Operational Sensitivity Setting of In-Plant Walk-Through Metal Detectors