Z13 固体废弃物、土壤及其他环境要素采样方法 标准查询与下载

DIN ISO 11268-1:2010 土质. 污染物对蚯蚓(赤子爱胜蚓/安德爱胜蚓)的影响. 第1部分: 急性毒性的测定(ISO/CD 11268-1-2010)

Soil quality - Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei) - Part 1: Determination of acute toxicity (ISO/CD 11268-1:2010)

ASTM D5057-10 废弃物的筛选表观比重和堆积密度的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use by those in the waste management industries for the determination of apparent specific gravity and bulk density of waste. The apparent specific gravity and bulk density determined by this test method can be used for the conversion of measured volumes to weights. The apparent specific gravity and bulk density, when correlated with other properties, can be used to indicate the character of the waste.1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity and bulk density in waste. For the purpose of this test method, materials to be measured will be classified into three groups: 1.1.1 Group A8212;Free-flowing liquids; apparent specific gravity (ASG), 1.1.2 Group B8212;Granules, powders and water reactive liquids, solids or sludges; bulk density (BD), and 1.1.3 Group C8212;Bulk solids (such as gravel, paper or wood, etc.); apparent specific gravity (ASG). 1.2 This test method is designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine specific gravity. This test method offers to the user the option and the ability to screen waste for apparent specific gravity or bulk density when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Screening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density of Waste

ASTM D7355-10 小型商业或教育环境中画家废弃颜料处置指南

Persons using artists'' paints produce waste that could be harmful to the environment if released without precaution. Currently, may of these wastes are being released into the environment through ground or sanitary sewer disposal thus negatively impacting the environment. This is a particular problem with paints mixed with water, as they might be regulated because of the metals contained in the pigments used in artist''s paint products, though many users are not aware of this environmental concern This guide establishes recommendations for the environmentally responsible clean up and disposal of waste produce by users of artists'' paint products and solvents. It does not supersede laws or regulations, but recommends prudent practices. This guide''s use should be limited to small commercial or educational settings and be considered as one way to meet regulatory requirements. In larger educational and commercial settings, an internal environmental compliance office or a local regulatory office should be consulted to determine if this guide will work within their requirements.1.1 This guide establishes recommendations for the safe and environmentally friendly clean up and disposal of artists'' paints and by-products of their use in a smaller commercial or educational setting. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Artists' Paint Waste Disposal in Smaller Commercial or Educational Settings

ASTM E850-10 结构装填用无机加工废料使用表征的标准指南

This practice is intended for inorganic process wastes that can be used as replacements for natural material such as soil or rock suitable for construction applications. Selection of appropriate and feasible fill materials and selection of applicable materials, tests, and specifications to facilitate construction and environmental protection are the responsibility of the design engineer. This practice is intended to encourage wider utilization of waste materials.1.1 This guide provides guidance for use of selected process wastes as structural fills by listing representative test methods for predicting and evaluating those physical characteristics of waste that are related to the integrity of fills and to protection of ground and surface waters. 1.2 Table 1 lists references which provide engineering practices and test procedures that may be applied to process waste for use as structural fill. 1.3 This guide includes approaches for the environmental assessment of process wastes prior to application.

Standard Guide for Characterization of Inorganic Process Wastes for Use as Structural Fill

CJ/T 313-2009 生活垃圾采样和分析方法

本标准规定了生活垃圾样品的采集，制备和测定。 本标准适用于生活垃圾調查和测定。

Domestic Waste Sampling and Analysis Methods

SN/T 2293.2-2009 进口可用作原料的固体废物分类鉴别 第2部分：废塑料

Classification and Identification of Imported Solid Wastes as Raw Materials Part 2: Waste Plastics

SN/T 2293.1-2009 进口可用作原料的固体废物分类鉴别 第1部分：导则

Classification and Identification of Imported Solid Wastes as Raw Materials Part 1: Guidelines

DIN ISO 18589-1:2009 环境辐射的测量 土壤 第1部分:一般指南和定义

This part of ISO 18589 specifies the general requirements to carry out radionuclides tests on soil sample including sampling. This part of ISO 18589 is addressed to people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soils for the purpose of radiation protection. This may concern soils from gardens and farmland, urban or industrial sites, as well as soil not affected by human activities. This part of ISO 18589 is to be used in conjunction with other parts of ISO 18589 that outline the setting up of programmes and sampling techniques, methods of general processing of samples in the laboratory and also methods for measuring the radioactivity in soil. Its purpose is the following: -- define the main terms relating to soils, sampling, radioactivity and its measurement -- describe the origins of the radioactivity in soils -- define the main objectives of the study of radioactivity in soil samples present the principles of studies of soil radioactivity; identify the analytical and procedural requirements when measuring radioactivity in soi This part of ISO 18589 is applicable if radionuclide measurements for the purpose of radiation protection are to be made in the following cases: -- initial characterization of radioactivity in the environment; -- routine surveillance of the impact of nuclear installations or of the evolution of the general territory; -- investigations of accident and incident situations; -- planning and surveillance of remedial action; -- decommissioning of installations or clearance of materials. This part of ISO 18589 is not intended to cover scientific investigations of soil radioactivity and therefore does not apply to aspects of such measurements.

Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil - Part 1: General guidelines and definitions (ISO 18589-1:2005); English version of DIN ISO 18589-1:2009-02

DIN ISO 18589-3:2009 环境辐射的测量 土壤 第3部分:发射γ辐射核的测量

This part of ISO 18589 specifies the identification and the measurement of the activity in soils of a large number of gamma-emitting radionuclides using gamma spectrometry. This non-destructive method, applicable to large-volume samples (up to about 3 000 cm), covers the determination in a single measurement of all the y-emitters present for which the photon energy is between 5 keV and 3 MeV. This part of ISO 18589 can be applied by test laboratories performing routine radioactivity measurements as a majority of radionuclides is characterized by gamma-ray emission between 40 keV and 2 MeV. This part of ISO 18589 is suitable for the surveillance of the environment and the inspection of a site and allows, in case of accidents, a quick evaluation of gamma activity.

Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil - Part 3: Measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides (ISO 18589-3:2007); English version of DIN ISO 18589-3:2009-02

DIN ISO 18589-2:2009 环境辐射的测量 土壤 第2部分:样品的取样策略、取样和预处理的选择指南

This part of ISO 18589 specifies the general requirements, based on ISO 11074 and ISO/IEC 17025, for all steps in the planning (desk study and area reconnaissance) of the sampling and the preparation of samples for testing. It includes the selection of the sampling strategy, the outline of the sampling plan, the presentation of general sampling methods and equipment, as well as the methodology of the pre-treatment of samples adapted to the measurements of the activity of radionuclides in soil. This part of ISO 18589 is addressed to the people responsible for determining the radioactivity present in soi for the purpose of radiation protection. It is applicable to soil from gardens, farmland, urban or industrial sites as well as soil not affected by human activities. This part of ISO 18589 is applicable to all laboratories regardless of the number of personnel or the range of the testing performed. When a laboratory does not undertake one or more of the activities covered by this part of ISO 18589, such as planning, sampling or testing, the corresponding requirements do not apply.

Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Soil - Part 2: Guidance for the selection of the sampling strategy, sampling and pre-treatment of samples (ISO 18589-2:2007); English version of DIN ISO 18589-2:2009-02

DIN 19528:2009 固体材料的浸出.无机和有机物质浸出性能的联合检验用渗透方法

Leaching of solid materials - Percolation method for the joint examination of the leaching behaviour of inorganic and organic substances

DIN 19529:2009 固体材料的浸出.液固比为21/kg无机物质浸出性能的检验用批量试验

Leaching of solid materials - Batch test for the examination of the leaching behaviour of inorganic substances at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg

ASTM D5831-09 土壤中筛分燃料的标准试验方法

This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the contaminant fuel concentration can be calculated using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, a contaminant concentration cannot be calculated, and the test method can only be used only to indicate the presence or absence of fuel contamination. Fuels containing aromatic compounds, such as diesel fuel and gasoline, as well as other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials, such as crude oil, coal oil, and motor oil, can be determined by this test method. The quantitation limit for diesel fuel is about 75 mg/kg. Approximate quantitation limits for other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials that can be determined by this screening test method are given in Table 1. Quantitation limits for highly aliphatic materials, such as aviation gasoline and synthetic motor oil, are much higher than those for more aromatic materials, such as coal oil and diesel fuel. Note 18212;The quantitation limits listed in Table 1 are approximate values because in this test method, the quantitation limit can be influenced by the particular fuel type and soil background levels. For information on how the values given in Table 1 were determined, see Appendix X1. Data generated during the development of this screening test method and other information pertaining to this test method can be found in the research reports. (1,2) When applying this test method to sites contaminated by diesel fuel, care should be taken in selecting the appropriate response factor from the list given in Table 2, with consideration given to whether or not the fuel contamination is fresh or has undergone weathering/or biodegradation processes. See Appendix X2. A factor to consider in using this test method is whether the contamination is a mixture of one or more fuel types. If this is the case, and a site-specific response factor (see Appendix X2, Section X2.3) cannot be determined, the response factors for the individual fuel types in the mixture should be used to estimate contaminant concentrations. Certain materials, such as asphalts and asphalt residuals and oils and pitch from trees and other vegetation, which respond as fuel when tested by the method giving high blank absorbance values, may interfere with use of this test method. See 8.1.2.1 and Note 3 for information on determining if the test method can be applied to a specific soil containing one or more of these types of materials. Extractable material, which scatters or absorbs light at 254 nm, is a potential interference for this screening test method. TABLE 1 Approximate Quantitation Limits for Various Fuel Types in Soils Based on 0.036 AU MaterialLimit of Quantitation (LOQ), mg/kg Coal Oil 21 Crude Oil 61 Diesel Fuel 75 Weathered Diesel Fuel 21 Used Motor Oil 162

Standard Test Method for Screening Fuels in Soils

ASTM D6050-09 有机液体有害废物中不溶固体测定的标准试验方法

A high percentage of insoluble, suspended solid material can create pumping, filtering, or grinding difficulties in the off-loading of bulk shipments of OLHW and can contribute to excessive wear on processing equipment. High solids can also decrease the quality and consistency of commingled solutions by decreasing the effectiveness of agitation in storage tanks. These issues are of concern to the recycling industries (solvents, paints, and other materials handled in significant quantities) in addition to those activities that propose to use the waste as a fuel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate amount of insoluble, suspended solid material in organic liquid hazardous waste (OLHW). 1.2 This test method is intended to be used in approximating the amount of insoluble, suspended solids in determining the material handling characteristics and fuel quality of OLHW. It is not intended to replace more sophisticated procedures for the determination of total solids. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Insoluble Solids in Organic Liquid Hazardous Waste

ASTM D5198-09 固体废弃物的硝酸处理的标准方法

A knowledge of the inorganic composition of a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a digestion procedure which dissolves many of the toxic inorganic constituents and produces a solution suitable for determination by such techniques as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and so forth. The relatively large sample size aids representative sampling of heterogenous wastes. The relatively small dilution factor allows lower detection limits than most other sample digestion methods. Volatile metals, such as lead and mercury, are not lost during this digestion procedure, however organo-lead and organo-mercury may not be completely digested. Hydride-forming elements, such as arsenic and selenium, may be partially lost. Samples with total metal contents greater than 5 % may give low results. The analyst is responsible for determining whether this practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested.1.1 This practice describes the digestion of solid waste using nitric acid for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents by plasma emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption spectroscopy. 1.2 The following elements may be solubilized by this practice: aluminummanganese berylliummercury cadmiumnickel chromiumphosphorus coppervanadium ironzinc lead 1.3 This practice is to be used when the concentrations of total recoverable elements are to be determined from a waste sample. Total recoverable elements may or may not be equivalent to total elements, depending on the element sought and the sample matrix. Recovery from refractory sample matrices, such as soils, is usually significantly less than total concentrations of the elements present. Note 18212;This practice has been used successfully for oily sludges and a municipal digested sludge standard [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sample No. 397]. The practice may be applicable to some elements not listed above, such as arsenic, barium, selenium, cobalt, magnesium, and calcium. Refractory elements such as silicon, silver, and titanium, as well as organo-mercury are not solubilized by this practice. 1.4 This practice has been divided into two methods, A and B, to account for the advent of digestion blocks. Method A utilizes an electric hot plate; Method B utilizes an electric digestion block. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulato......

Standard Practice for Nitric Acid Digestion of Solid Waste

HJ 77.3-2008 固体废物.二噁英类的测定.同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法

本标准规定了采用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法对2,3,7,8-氯代二噁英类、四氯-八氯取代的多氯代二苯并-对-二噁英和多氯代二苯并呋喃进行定性和定量分析的方法。 本标准适用于固体废物中二噁英类污染物的采样、样品处理及其定性和定量分析，但不适用于置于容器中的气态固体废物分析。

Solid waste.Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).Isotope dilution HRGC-HRMS

DIN EN 15308:2008 废弃物的特性.用带电子俘获或质谱检测的毛细管气相色谱法测定固体废弃物中选择的多氯化联二苯(PCB)

This document specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180)in solid waste using high-resolution gas chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection. The basic content of this standard is identical to that of the Horizontal PCB-standard and is therefore also applicable to soil. sludge and treated bio-waste. The detection and the quantification limits in this method are dependent on sample intake, the level of interferences as well as instrumental limitations. Under the conditions specified in this standard, minimum concentrations of individual PCB congeners equal or above 0,01 mg/kg dry matter can typically be determined with no interferences present. NOTE 1 For the analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and EN ISO 6468, respectively. NOTE 2 The method may be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, but its suitability should be proven by proper in-house validation experiments.

Characterization of waste - Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in solid waste by using capillary gas chromatography with electron capture or mass spectrometric detection; English version of DIN EN 15308:2008-05

ASTM D4979-08 在废弃物中物理描述筛选分析的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in describing the physical characteristics of waste. This test method has two uses. One is to visually screen wastes being received at the laboratory to identifying discrepancies between the waste, manifest, and historical descriptions. The other use is to visually examine soil and water samples while they are being collected. This information, along with professional judgment during sample collection, can be used to increase the knowledge of the site contamination by increasing or reducing the number of samples collected based on visible indication of contamination or lack of visible indication of contamination. For example, if a soil or groundwater sample is collected “up gradient” of the area of known or suspected contamination to obtain site background concentrations, and the sample appears contaminated, the up gradient area can be relocated during that sampling event. Visual observation could also show that the sampling parameters need to be increased or decreased. This may reduce or eliminate the need for additional sampling trips to the field.1.1 This test method is used to identify wastes by describing certain physical properties. It has been developed as a rapid but effective means for visually screening wastes when received in the laboratory or during collection at the sampling site. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard and warning information is given in 8.1.6.

Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste

ASTM D4503-08 用偏硼酸锂熔化法溶解固体废弃物的标准实施规范

A knowledge of the inorganic constituent composition in a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a drying and ashing step that may be applied to remove moisture and volatile and nonvolatile organic constituents prior to determining nonvolatile metals. Generation of a dry ash concentrates the inorganic constituents of interest and makes the LiBO2 fusion feasible for a greater variety of waste samples. Acidification of the LiBO2 fusion mix results in a solution amenable to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis.1.1 This practice covers the drying, ashing, and solubilization of solid waste using a lithium metaborate (LiBO2) fusion for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents by argon plasma emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption spectroscopy. 1.2 The following elements may be solubilized by this practice: aluminumchromiumsilicon bariumirontitanium cadmiummagnesiumvanadium calciummanganesezinc coppernickel 1.3 This practice has been used successfully with a bauxite ore and a neutralized metal treatment sludge. The practice may be applicable to other elements not listed above. Some metals, such as cadmium and zinc, may volatilize from some samples during the drying, ashing, or fusion steps. The analyst is responsible for determining whether the practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested. 1.4 This practice is intended for the solubilization of nonvolatile inorganic constituents in solid waste. The LiBO2 fusion is appropriate for a silicate matrix or acid resistant samples. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Dissolution of Solid Waste by Lithium Metaborate Fusion

ASTM C1308-08(2017) 固化废料中扩散释放物加速浸出试验, 模型扩散的计算机程序和从圆柱形废料状态中分离淋滤的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method can be used to measure the release of a component from a cylindrical solidified waste form into water at the reference temperature of 20°C and at elevated temperatures that accelerate the rate and extent of leaching relative to the values measured at 20°C. 5.2 This test method can be used to: 5.2.1 Compare releases of waste components from various types of solidification agents and formulations. 5.2.2 Determine the diffusion coefficients for the release of waste components from waste forms at a specific temperature. 5.2.3 Promote greater extents of reaction than can be achieved under expected service conditions within a laboratory time frame to provide greater confidence in modeled diffusive releases. 5.2.4 Determine the temperature dependence of diffusive release. 5.3 Fitting the experimental results with a mechanistic model allows diffusive releases to be extrapolated to long times and to full-scale waste forms under the following constraints: 5.3.1 Results of this test method address an intrinsic property of a material and should not be presumed to represent releases in specific disposal environments. Tests can be conducted under conditions that represent a specific disposal environment (for example, by using a representative groundwater) to determine an effective diffusion coefficient for those conditions. 5.3.2 Projections of releases over long times requires that the waste form matrix remain stable, which may be demonstrated by the behavior of the specimen in ALTs at elevated temperatures. 5.3.3 Extrapolations in time and scale are limited to values that correspond to the maximum CFL value obtained in an accelerated test. 5.3.4 The mechanism must be the same at all temperatures used in the extrapolation. The same model that describes the results of tests conducted at elevated temperatures must also describe the results of tests run at the reference temperature of 20°C. 1.1 This test method provides procedures for measuring the leach rates of elements from a solidified matrix material, determining if the releases are controlled by mass diffusion, computing values of diffusion constants based on models, and verifying projected long-term diffusive releases. This test method is applicable to any material that does not degrade or deform during the test. 1.1.1 If mass diffusion is the dominant step in the leaching mechanism, then the results of this test can be used to calculate diffusion coefficients using mathematical diffusion models. A computer program developed for that purpose is available as a companion to th......

Standard Test Method for Accelerated Leach Test for Diffusive Releases from Solidified Waste and a Computer Program to Model Diffusive, Fractional Leaching from Cylindrical Waste Forms