Z13 固体废弃物、土壤及其他环境要素采样方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1727-05 测定后成铅用土壤样品的现场采集标准实施规程

Although this practice is intended for the collection of soil samples from areas in and around buildings, this practice may also be used to collect soil samples from other areas and environments. This practice limits soil collection to approximately the top 1.5 cm of soil surface. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E 1613).1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples from areas in and around buildings and related structures using coring and scooping methods.1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soil samples from areas that are paved.1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other lead hazard activities.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination

ASTM C998-05 放射性核素表面土壤取样的标准实施规程

Soil provides a source material for the determination of selected radionuclides and serves as an integrator of the deposition of airborne materials. Soil sampling should not be used as the primary measurement system to demonstrate compliance with applicable radionuclides in air standards. This should be done by air sampling or by measuring emission rates. Soil sampling does serve as a secondary system, and in many cases, is the only available avenue if insufficient air sampling occurred at the time of an incident. For many insoluble radionuclides, the primary exposure pathway to the general population is by inhalation. The resuspension of transuranic elements has received considerable attention (1, 2)3 and their measurement in soil is one means of establishing compliance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines on exposure to transuranic elements. Soil sampling can provide useful information for other purposes, such as plant uptake studies, total inventory of various radionuclides in soil due to atmospheric nuclear tests, and the accumulation of radionuclides as a function of time. A soil sampling and analysis program as part of a preoperational environmental monitoring program serves to establish baseline concentrations. Consideration was given to these criteria in preparing this practice. Soil collected using this practice and subsequent analysis can be used to monitor radionuclide deposition of emissions from nuclear facilities. The critical factors necessary to provide this information are sampling location, time of sampling, frequency of sampling, sample size, and maintenance of the integrity of the sample prior to analysis. Since the soil is considered to be a heterogeneous medium, multipoint sampling is necessary. The samples must represent the conditions existing in the area for which data are desired.1.1 This practice covers the sampling of surface soil for the purpose of obtaining a sample representative of a particular area for subsequent chemical analysis of selected radionuclides. This practice describes one acceptable approach to collect soil samples for radiochemical analysis.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides

ASTM E1729-05 测定后成铅用干涂料样品的现场采集标准实施规程

Although this practice is intended for the collection of dried paint samples in and around buildings for the subsequent determination of lead content, this practice may also be used to collect paint samples from other structures for lead analysis.3 The variability associated with the sampling of dried paint is generally considered to be far higher than the variability associated with the analyses of the paint specimens. Therefore, it is essential that sample collection be properly controlled to produce representative and meaningful samples. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E 1613), or using field analysis techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry (see Test Method E 2051).1.1 This practice covers the collection of samples of dried paint and other coatings from buildings.1.2 This practice is used to collect samples for subsequent determination of lead on an area basis (milligrams of lead per area sampled) or concentration basis (milligrams of lead per gram of dried paint collected or mass percent).1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other lead hazard activities.1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Subsequent Lead Determination

DIN EN 14345:2004 废弃物的表征.用重量测定法测定烃类的含量

This European Standard specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the hydrocarbon content in solid waste. It is applicable to hydrocarbon content greater than 0,5 % (m/m) on dry matter basis. This method does not permit to provide qualitative information on the nature and the source of the hydrocarbons.#,,#

Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content by gravimetry; German version EN 14345:2004

BS EN 14039:2004 废弃物的特性.气相色谱法测定C10到C40范围内烃类的含量

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the hydrocarbon content (C10 to C40) in solid waste by gas chromatography. It is applicable to hydrocarbon content between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg expressed as dry matter basis. Using this standard all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of approximately 175 ℃ to 525 ℃, e.g. n-alkanes from C10H22 to C40H82. isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds are determined as hydrocarbons, provided they do not adsorb on the Florisil column during clean-up. Volatile hydrocarbons cannot be quantitatively determined using this standard. This will affect the determination of some common hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. petrol. NOTE 1 On the basis of the peak pattern of the gas chromatogram (see Annex A) and of the boiling points of the individual n-alkanes listed in Annex B the approximate boiling range of the hydrocarbons and some qualitative information on the nature of the hydrocarbons can be obtained. NOTE 2 At the moment there is no sufficient information on how to handle organic liquid wastes for the analysis of hydrocarbons. NOTE 3 Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed in accordance with EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in Annex E.

Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography

BS DD CEN/TS 14405:2004 废弃物的表征.浸出特性试验.上流渗透试验(在特定条件下)

This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from granular waste (without or with size reduction (see 6.2)). The waste body is subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant. NOTE 1 The mentioned specified percolation conditions are arbitrary and are not simulating a specific scenario. NOTE 2 Waste materials that show a saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10-7 m/s and 10-8 m/s can be subjected to this test, but it can be difficult to maintain the imposed flow rate. If a waste shows a saturated hydraulic conductivity below 10-8 m/s, the test should not be carried out. (See C.5 for a definition of ‘hydraulic conductivity’.) NOTE 3 This procedure is generally not applicable to biologically degrading materials and materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission or excessive heat release. NOTE 4 This procedure is applicable to materials showing solidification in the column, if the final hydraulic conductivity is within the specified range (see NOTE 1).

Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Up-flow percolation test (under specified conditions)

KS I ISO 11632:2004 固定源排放.二氧化硫质量浓度的测定.离子色谱法

이 규격은 연소 시설과 기술 공정으로부터 배출되는 이산화황의 질량 농도 측정 방법 및

Stationary source emissions-Determination of the massconcentration of sulfur dioxide(Ion chromatography method)

ASTM D5633-04 用柄勺取样的标准规程

This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of contaminated soils and similar materials. Scoops are used primarily for collecting samples near the surface. Subsurface samples can be obtained by first removing higher layers using a shovel or other suitable equipment and collecting the sample with the scoop. Because of their simplicity, scoops are useful in taking samples of waste materials where decontamination or disposal is a problem with other types of sampling equipment. Scoops are also suitable for use in rapid screening programs, pilot studies, and other semi-quantitative investigations. Samples should be collected in accordance with an appropriate work plan (see Practice D 5283 and Guide D 4687).1.1 This procedure covers the method and equipment used to collect surface and near-surface samples of soils and physically similar materials using a scoop. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop

ASTM E1727-04 用原子光谱法测定铅用土壤样品的现场采集用标准实用规程

1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples using coring and scooping methods. Soil samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). 1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soil samples from areas that are paved. 1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. 1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques

NF X31-008-4:2003 土质.取样.第4部分:自然地区、接近自然的地区和耕作的地区的调查程序指南

Soil quality - Sampling - Part 4 : guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites.

BS EN 12506:2003 废弃物特征.提取物分析.pH、As、Ba、Cd、Cl^-、Co、Cr、Cr VI、Cu、Mo、Ni、NO2^-、Pb、总S、SO4^2-、V和Zn的测定

This European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the parameters pH, As, Ba, Cd, Cl,Co, Cr, Cr°Vl, Cu, Mo, Ni, NO2, Pb, total S, SO4, V and Zn in aqueous eluates for the characterization of waste.

Characterization of waste - Analysis of eluates - Determination of pH, As, Ba, Cd, Cl-, Co, Cr, Cr VI, Cu, Mo, Ni, NO2-, Pb, total S, SO42-, V and Zn

BS EN 13370:2003 废弃物特征.提取物分析.铵、AOX、传导性、汞、苯酚指数、TOC和易析出的CN^-、F^-的测定

This European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the parameters Ammonium, AOX, conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, easily liberatable CN, F in aqueous eluates for the characterization of waste.

Characterization of waste - Analysis of eluates - Determination of Ammonium, AOX, conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, easily liberatable CN-, F-

BS 7990:2003 燃烧排出物中毒性物量测定的管式炉法

To be read in conjunction with BS 7899-1:1997, BS 7899-2:1999

Tube furnace method for the determination of toxic product yields in fire effluents

DIN EN 13656:2003 废弃物特性.废弃物元素的连续测定用微波辅助的氢氟酸(HF)、硝酸(HNO₃ 和盐酸(HCl)混合物的分解; 德文版本 EN 13656:2002

Characterization of waste - Microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric (HF), nitric (HNO₃) and hydrochloric (HCl) acid mixture for subsequent determination of elements in waste; German version EN 13656:2002

ASTM E662-03 由固体材料产生的烟雾的比光密度标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). 1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. 1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. 1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, of assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

ASTM D5831-03 土壤中筛分燃料的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the contaminant fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the concentration of the fuel in the soil can be determined using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, the screening test method can be used to identify the possible presence of contamination. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Screening Fuels in Soils

ASTM D4547-03 挥发性有机物的废物和土壤采样标准指南

1.1 This guide describes recommended procedures for the collection, handling, and preparation of solid waste, soil, and sediment samples for subsequent determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This class of compounds includes low molecular weight aromatics, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, acetates, nitriles, acrylates, ethers, and sulfides with boiling points below 200176; Celsius (C) that are insoluble or slightly soluble in water.1.2 Methods of sample collection, handling, storage, and preparation for analysis are described.1.3 This guide does not cover the details of sampling design, laboratory preparation of containers, and the analysis of the samples.1.4 It is recommended that this guide be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 7.2 and 8.1.1 for specific warnings.

Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds

ASTM E662-03e2 由固体材料产生的烟雾的比光密度标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). 1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. 1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. 1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, of assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

ASTM E662-03e1 由固体材料产生的烟雾的比光密度标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). 1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. 1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. 1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes. 1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, of assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

DIN ISO 15473:2002 土质.厌氧条件下土壤中有机化合物生物降解性实验室试验指南

Soil quality - Guidance on laboratory testing for biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil under anaerobic conditions (ISO 15473:2002)