Z13 固体废弃物、土壤及其他环境要素采样方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4979-08 在废弃物中物理描述筛选分析的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use by those in the waste management industries to aid in describing the physical characteristics of waste. This test method has two uses. One is to visually screen wastes being received at the laboratory to identifying discrepancies between the waste, manifest, and historical descriptions. The other use is to visually examine soil and water samples while they are being collected. This information, along with professional judgment during sample collection, can be used to increase the knowledge of the site contamination by increasing or reducing the number of samples collected based on visible indication of contamination or lack of visible indication of contamination. For example, if a soil or groundwater sample is collected “up gradient” of the area of known or suspected contamination to obtain site background concentrations, and the sample appears contaminated, the up gradient area can be relocated during that sampling event. Visual observation could also show that the sampling parameters need to be increased or decreased. This may reduce or eliminate the need for additional sampling trips to the field.1.1 This test method is used to identify wastes by describing certain physical properties. It has been developed as a rapid but effective means for visually screening wastes when received in the laboratory or during collection at the sampling site. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard and warning information is given in 8.1.6.

Standard Test Method for Physical Description Screening Analysis in Waste

ASTM D4503-08 用偏硼酸锂熔化法溶解固体废弃物的标准实施规范

A knowledge of the inorganic constituent composition in a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a drying and ashing step that may be applied to remove moisture and volatile and nonvolatile organic constituents prior to determining nonvolatile metals. Generation of a dry ash concentrates the inorganic constituents of interest and makes the LiBO2 fusion feasible for a greater variety of waste samples. Acidification of the LiBO2 fusion mix results in a solution amenable to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis.1.1 This practice covers the drying, ashing, and solubilization of solid waste using a lithium metaborate (LiBO2) fusion for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents by argon plasma emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption spectroscopy. 1.2 The following elements may be solubilized by this practice: aluminumchromiumsilicon bariumirontitanium cadmiummagnesiumvanadium calciummanganesezinc coppernickel 1.3 This practice has been used successfully with a bauxite ore and a neutralized metal treatment sludge. The practice may be applicable to other elements not listed above. Some metals, such as cadmium and zinc, may volatilize from some samples during the drying, ashing, or fusion steps. The analyst is responsible for determining whether the practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested. 1.4 This practice is intended for the solubilization of nonvolatile inorganic constituents in solid waste. The LiBO2 fusion is appropriate for a silicate matrix or acid resistant samples. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Dissolution of Solid Waste by Lithium Metaborate Fusion

DIN EN 15309:2007 废弃物和土壤特性.使用X射线荧光测定元素组成

This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards. This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, CI, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, TI, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1% and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.

Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence; English version of DIN EN 15309:2007-08

HJ/T 299-2007 固体废物.浸出毒性浸出方法.硫酸硝酸法

本标准规定了固体废物浸出毒性的浸出程序及其质量保证措施。 本标准适用于固体废物及其再利用产物、以及土壤样品有机物和无机物的浸出毒性鉴别。含有非水溶性液体的样品，不适用于本标准。

Solid waste. Extraction procedure for leaching toxicity. Sulphuric acid & nitric acid method

HJ/T 300-2007 固体废物.浸出毒性浸出方法.醋酸缓冲溶液法

本标准规定了固体废物浸出毒性的浸出程序及其质量保证措施。 本标准适用于固体废物及其再利用产物中有机物和无机物的浸出毒性鉴别，但不适用于氰化物的浸出毒性鉴别。含有非水溶性液体的样品，不适应于本标准。

Solid waste. Extraction procedure for leaching toxicity. Acetic acid buffer solution method

BS EN 14346:2006 废弃物特征.通过测定干残渣或水含量计算干物质含量

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of samples for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (m/m) of dry residue or more than 1 % (m/m) of water.

Characterization of waste — Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content

BS DD CEN/TS 15364:2006 废弃物特性.滤取特性试验.酸中和能力试验

This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the acid and/or base neutralization capacity of a material. The property is expressed in mol/kg. This Technical Specification is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions. The property allows assessing the final pH of mixed waste as well as consequences of external influences (carbonation, oxidation) on the pH of a waste. NOTE This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioral modeling and model validation as specified in EN 12920.

Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Acid and base neutralization capacity test

NF X30-455:2006 废弃物特性.从实验室样品制备试样

Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample.

BS EN 15002:2006 废弃物的表征.试验室样本的试验部分准备

This European Standard is applicable for the preparation of representative test portions from the laboratory sample that has been taken according to the sampling plan (EN 14899), prior to physical and/or chemical analysis (e.g. preparation of eluates, extractions, digestion and/or analytical determinations) of solid and liquid samples and sludge. It is also applicable for the preparation of test portions from digests and eluates for the subsequent analyses. This European Standard is intended to find the correct sequence of operations and treatments to be applied to the laboratory sample in order to obtain suitable test portions in compliance with the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures.

Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample

ASTM E2060-06 无机废物的固化/稳定用煤燃烧产品的使用标准指南

1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These elements include, but are not limited to, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidification is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in reduced permeability of the stabilized waste.1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing agent without the addition of other materials; however, stabilization or chemical fixation may also be achieved by using combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabilization of many inorganic constituents through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and so forth; microencapsulation of the waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation of metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (). Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the long-term performance of the stabilized wastes.1.2 The CCPs that are suited to this application include fly ash, spent dry scrubber sorbents, and certain advanced sulfur control by-products from processes such as duct injection and fluidized-bed combustion (FBC).1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the problematic inorganic species will likely be highly variable, so the chemical characteristics of the waste or wastewater to be treated must be determined and considered in the selection and application of any stabilizing agent, including CCPs. In any waste stabilization process, laboratory-scale tests for compatibility between the candidate waste or wastewater for stabilization with one or more selected CCPs and final waste stability are recommended prior to full-scale application of the stabilizing agent.1.4 This guide does not intend to recommend full-scale processes or procedures for waste stabilization. Full-scale processes should be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. It is recommended that stabilized materials generated at the full-scale stabilization site be subjected to testing to verify laboratory test results.1.5 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.1.6 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal. It does not apply to ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood waste products; rice hulls; agricultural waste; or other noncoal fuels.1.7 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable regulations.1.8 It is recommended that work performed under this guide be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ......

Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes

ASTM D3987-06 含水固体废弃物的振荡萃取用标准试验方法

This test method is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure. This test method is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design. This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions. The intent of this test method is that the final pH of the extract reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the solid waste. The intent of this test method is that the water extraction simulate conditions where the solid waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extract. The test method produces an extract that is amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples. This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the solid waste. The test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter (see 5.3). The agitation technique, rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types of solid wastes. (See Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in Appendix X1.)1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the materials leached under the specified testing conditions.1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

ASTM E662-06 由固体材料产生的烟雾的特定光密度标准试验方法

This test method provides a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials and assemblies under the specified exposure conditions. Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen or assembly in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent fundamental properties of the material tested. Thus, it is likely that closely repeatable or reproducible experimental results are not to be expected from tests of a given material when specimen thickness, density, or other variables are involved. The photometric scale used to measure smoke by this test method is similar to the optical density scale for human vision. However, physiological aspects associated with vision are not measured by this test method. Correlation with measurements by other test methods has not been established.4 At the present time no basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other fire conditions. The test method is of a complex nature and the data obtained are sensitive to variations which in other test methods might be considered to be insignificant (see Section 6). A precision statement based on the results of a roundrobin test by a prior draft version of this test method is given in 14.1 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion.1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke.1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes.This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

KS I ISO 11268-3:2005 土壤质量.污染物对蚯蚓的影响.第3部分:野外影响的测定指南

이 규격은 지렁이에 대한 물질의 영향을 현장에서 측정할 때 기술적인 사항에 대하여 규정 하

Soil quality－Effects of pollutants on earthworms－Part 3：Guidance on the determination of effects in field situations

KS I ISO 11267:2005 土壤质量.土壤污染对弹尾目(Folsomia candida)的再生抑制

이 규격은 규정된 합성 토양 기질에서 피부와 소화의 흡수에 의한 Folsomia candi

Soil quality－Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola(Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants

DIN EN 14735:2005 废弃物表征.生态毒性试验用废弃物样品的制备

This European Standard describes the necessary steps to be performed before carrying out ecotoxicity tests on wastes. The purpose of this European Standard is to provide guidance on the taking of the sample, transport, storage of wastes and to define preparation, for the determination of ecotoxicological properties of wastes under the conditions specified in this European Standard by biological testing either as raw wastes or water extracts from wastes. Sample preparation for other applications (e.g. assessment of waste effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms in a disposal scenario) is not considered. Specifying a test battery to characterize ecotoxicological properties of wastes is not in the scope of this European Standard. This European Standard is applicable to solid and liquid wastes.

Characterization of waste - Preparation of waste samples for ecotoxicity tests; English version of DIN EN 14735

HJ 85-2005 长江三峡水库库底固体废物清理技术规范

依据《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》，为保证三峡水库蓄水后的水质满足环境保护的要求和三峡枢纽工程运行安全，制定本规范。 本规范适用于三峡水库库底固体废物的清理以及处理处置的调查、规划、设计、实施、监测、验收等各阶段。 本规范涉及的清理范围为长江三峡水库各阶段蓄水移民迁移线以下区域的固体废物清理以及处理处置。

Technical standard of solid waste cleaning for reservoir bed of the three gorges on yangtze river

ASTM D6907-05e1 使用手动斗式螺旋钻的土壤和被污染介质取样的标准规程

Bucket augers are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock. Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers, bucket augers generally collect larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger barrel. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics. The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the borehole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used). Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds because the sample is disturbed during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample.1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (hereafter referred to as a bucket auger; sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples, but bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample.1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large (12-in. or greater diameter) bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D 1452, section 3.2.4.1.3 The term bucket auger is used to differentiate this type of hand operated auger from others of the solid or hollow stem types that are also hand held or operated.1.4 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D 5792), general sample planning (see Guide D 4687), sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample [see Guide D 6044]), sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D 4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D 5088), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D 6051), and sample preservation. For information on other types of augers, see Practice D 1452 and Guide D 4700.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers

ASTM D5438-05 化学分析用地板尘埃采集的标准实施规程

This practice may be used to collect dust from carpeted or bare floor surfaces for gravimetric or chemical analysis. The collected sample is substantially unmodified by the sampling procedure. This practice provides for a reproducible dust removal rate from level loop and plush carpets, as well as bare floors. It has the ability to achieve relatively constant removal efficiency at different loadings of surface dust. This practice also provides for the efficient capture of semivolatile organic chemicals associated with the dust. The test system can be fitted with special canisters downstream of the cyclone for the capture of specific semivolatile organic chemicals that may volatilize from the dust particles during collection. This practice does not describe procedures for evaluation of the safety of floor surfaces or the potential human exposure to carpet dust. It is the userrsquo;responsibility to evaluate the data collected by this practice and make such determinations in the light of other available information. FIG. 1 Floor Dust Sampler Using a Commercial Vacuum Cleaner as the Suction Source1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the collection of a sample of dust from carpets and bare floors that can be analyzed for lead, pesticides, or other chemical compounds and elements.1.2 This practice is applicable to a variety of carpeted and bare floor surfaces. It has been tested for level loop and plush pile carpets and bare wood floors, specifically.1.3 This practice is not intended for the collection and evaluation of dust for the presence of asbestos fibers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection of Floor Dust for Chemical Analysis

ASTM C999-05 放射性核素测定用土壤试样制备的标准实施规程

Soil samples prepared for radionuclide analyses by this practice can be used to monitor fallout distribution from nuclear facilities. This practice is intended to produce a homogeneous sample from which a relatively small aliquot (10 g) may be drawn for radiochemical analyses. Most nuclear facilities fulfill major requirements of their monitoring programs by gamma-ray spectrometry measurements of soil. A widely used practice for these measurements is to fill a calibrated sample container, such as a Marinelli beaker (8764;600-mL volume), with a homogenized soil sample. By preparing the entire soil core collection, sufficient homogeneous sample is available for radiochemical and gamma-ray spectrometry measurements.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of surface soil samples collected for chemical analysis of radionuclides, particularly uranium and plutonium. This practice describes one acceptable approach to the preparation of soil samples for radiochemical analysis.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Note 1.

Standard Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides

ASTM D6907-05 使用手动斗式螺旋钻的土壤和被污染介质取样的标准规程

1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (hereafter referred to as a bucket auger; sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples, but bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample.1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large (12-in. or greater diameter) bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D 1452, section 3.2.4.1.3 The term bucket auger is used to differentiate this type of hand operated auger from others of the solid or hollow stem types that are also hand held or operated.1.4 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D 5792), general sample planning (see Guide D 4687), sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample [see Guide D 6044]), sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D 4547), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D 5088), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D 6051), and sample preservation. For information on other types of augers, see Practice D 1452 and Guide D 4700.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers