E38 绝缘油 标准查询与下载

ASTM D3635-01(2005) 用原子吸收分光光度法测定电绝缘油中溶解的铜含量的标准试验方法

Electrical insulating oil may contain small amounts of dissolved metals derived either directly from the base oil or from contact with metals during refining or service. When copper is present, it acts as a catalyst in promoting oxidation of the oil. This test method is useful for research for new oils and to assess the condition of service-aged oils. Consideration should be given to the limits of detection outlined in the scope.1.1 This test method covers the determination of copper in new or used electrical insulating oil of petroleum origin by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.1.2 The lowest limit of detectability is primarily dependent upon the method of atomization, but also upon the energy source, the fuel and oxidant, and the degree of electrical expansion of the output signal. The lowest detectable concentration is usually considered to be equal to twice the maximum variation of the background. For flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is generally in the order of 0.1 ppm or 0.1 mg/kg. For non-flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is less than 0.01 ppm.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See for specific precautionary statements.

Standard Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D3635-01 用原子吸收分光光度法测定电绝缘油中溶解的铜含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of copper in new or used electrical insulating oil of petroleum origin by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 1.2 The lowest limit of detectability is primarily dependent upon the method of atomization, but also upon the energy source, the fuel and oxidant, and the degree of electrical expansion of the output signal. The lowest detectable concentration is usually considered to be equal to twice the maximum variation of the background. For flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is generally in the order of 0.1 ppm. For non-flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is less than 0.01 ppm. 1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 for specific precautionary statements.

Standard Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ASTM D3809-01(2006) 电容器用合成介质电解液的标准试验方法

Certain synthetic dielectric fluids are used in the manufacture of capacitors because of their chemical, thermal, and electrical properties as well as their environmental acceptability. Properties of a synthetic dielectric fluid differ from those of petroleum based fluids. Design considerations and quality control are influenced by these properties as measured by the appropriate tests. Each test method has its own brief statement describing its significance.1.1 These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors. The methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research. Their applicability to future fluids has not been determined.1.2 The scope of some of the test methods listed here apply to petroleum oils, but have been found suitable for synthetic fluids.1.3 For methods relating to polybutene fluids refer to Specification D 2296.1.4 For methods relating to silicone fluids refer to Test Methods D 2225.1.5 A list of properties and standards are as follows:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors

ASTM D2296-01 电容器用电绝缘聚丁烯润滑油的质量的连续性的标准规范

1.1 This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform in order to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied.1.2 It is expected that additional laboratory or service tests of the purchaser's own choosing may be applied to polybutene oil from each source of supply before approval for use.

Standard Specification for Continuity of Quality of Electrical Insulating Polybutene Oil for Capacitors

ASTM D2296-01(2006) 电容器用电绝缘聚丁烯润滑油的质量的连续性的标准规范

1.1 This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform in order to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied.1.2 It is expected that additional laboratory or service tests of the purchaser''s own choosing may be applied to polybutene oil from each source of supply before approval for use.

Standard Specification for Continuity of Quality of Electrical Insulating Polybutene Oil for Capacitors

DL/T 722-2000 变压器油中溶解气体分析和判断导则

Guide to the analysis and the diagnosis of gases dissolved in transformer oil

DL/T 704-1999 变压器、汽轮机油中T501抗氧化剂含量测定法(液相色谱法)

Determination of T501 oxidation inhibitor content in transformer oil or turbine oil by liquid chromatography

DL/T 702-1999 矿物绝缘油中糠醛含量测定方法(分光光度法)

Determination of furfural content in mineral insulating oil by spectrophotometric method

DL/T 703-1999 绝缘油中含气量的气相色谱测定法

Determination of dissolved gas content in insulating oil by gas chromatography

ASTM D3300-00 在脉冲条件下石油成因的绝缘油的电介质击穿电压的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating oils in a highly divergent field under impulse conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions

ASTM D4059-00(2005)e1 气相色谱法分析无机绝缘油中多氯联苯含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a quantitative determination of the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in electrical insulating liquids by gas chromatography. It also applies to the determination of PCB present in mixtures known as askarels, used as electrical insulating liquids. 1.2 The PCB mixtures known as Aroclors were used in the formulation of the PCB-containing askarels manufactured in the United States. This test method may be applied to the determination of PCBs in insulating liquids contaminated by either individual Aroclors or mixtures of Aroclors. This technique may not be applicable to the determination of PCBs from other sources of contamination. 1.3 The precision and bias of this test method have been established only for PCB concentrations in electrical insulating mineral oils and silicones. The use of this test method has not been demonstrated for all insulating fluids. Some insulating liquids, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, interfere with the detection of PCBs and cannot be tested without pretreatment. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5222-00 石油起源高燃点电绝缘油的标准规范

1.1 This specification describes a high fire-point mineral oil based insulating fluid, for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers and switchgear.1.2 High fire-point insulating oil differs from conventional mineral insulating oil by possessing a fire-point of at least 300oC. High fire-point mineral insulating oils are also referred to as "less flammable" mineral insulating oils.This property is necessary in order to comply with certain application requirements of the National Electrical Code (Article 450-23) or other agencies. The material discussed in this specification is miscible with other petroleum based insulating oils. Mixing high fire-point liquids with lower fire point hydrocarbon insulating oils (for example, Specification D3487 mineral oil) may result in fire points of less than 300oC.1.3 This specification is intended to define a high fire-point electrical mineral insulating oil that is compatible with typical material of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in its application in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with electrical insulating liquids of non-petroleum origin. The user should contact the manufacturer of the high fire-point insulating oil for guidance in this respect.1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating material oil as received prior to any processing. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides. The user should contact the manufacturers of the equipment or oil if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.

Standard Specification for High Fire-Point Mineral Electrical Insulating Oils

ASTM D4059-00 气相色谱法分析无机绝缘油中多氯联苯含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes a quantitative determination of the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in electrical insulating liquids by gas chromatography. It also applies to the determination of PCB present in mixtures known as askarels, used as electrical insulating liquids. 1.2 The PCB mixtures known as Aroclors were used in the formulation of the PCB-containing askarels manufactured in the United States. This test method may be applied to the determination of PCBs in insulating liquids contaminated by either individual Aroclors or mixtures of Aroclors. This technique may not be applicable to the determination of PCBs from other sources of contamination. 1.3 The precision and bias of this test method have been established only for PCB concentrations in electrical insulating mineral oils and silicones. The use of this test method has not been demonstrated for all insulating fluids. Some insulating liquids, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, interfere with the detection of PCBs and cannot be tested without pretreatment. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D2300-00 在电应力和电离作用下绝缘液体放气的标准试验方法(改进的皮勒里法)

For certain applications when insulating liquid is stressed at high voltage gradients, it is desirable to be able to determine the rate of gas evolution or gas absorption under specified test conditions. At present time correlation of such test results with equipment performance is limited. In this test method, hydrogen (along with low molecular weight hydrocarbons) is generated by ionic bombardment of some insulating liquid molecules and absorbed by chemical reaction with other insulating liquid molecules. The value reported is the net effect of these two competing reactions. The aromatic molecules or unsaturated portions of molecules present in insulating liquids are largely responsible for the hydrogen-absorbing reactions. Both molecule type, as well as concentration, affects the gassing tendency result. Saturated molecules tend to be gas evolving. The relation between aromaticity and quantity of unsaturates of the insulating liquid and gassing tendency is an indirect one and cannot be used for a quantitative assessment of either in the insulating liquid. This test method measures the tendency of insulating liquids to absorb or evolve gas under conditions of electrical stress and ionization based on the reaction with hydrogen, the predominant gas in the partial discharge. For the test conditions, the activating gas hydrogen, in contrast to other gases, for example, nitrogen, enhances the discrimination of differences in the absorption-evolution patterns exhibited by the insulating liquids. Insulating liquids shown to have gas-absorbing (H2) characteristics in the test have been used to advantage in reducing equipment failures, particularly cables and capacitors. However, the advantage of such insulating liquids in transformers is not well defined and there has been no quantitative relationship established between the gassing tendency as indicated by this test method and the operating performance of the equipment. This test method is not concerned with bubble evolution, which may arise from physical processes associated with super-saturation of gases in oil or water vapor bubbles evolving from wet insulation.1.1 This test method measures the rate at which gas is evolved or absorbed by insulating liquids when subjected to electrical stress of sufficient intensity to cause ionization in cells having specific geometries.1.2 This test method is not concerned with bubbles arising from supersaturation of the insulating liquid.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see 5.1.4 and 8.4.

Standard Test Method for Gassing of Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)

ASTM D2112-00 用旋转弹法测定防腐蚀矿物绝缘油氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is intended as a rapid method for the evaluation of the oxidation stability of new mineral insulating oils containing a synthetic oxidation inhibitor. This test is considered of value in checking the oxidation stability of new mineral insulating oils containing 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol or 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, or both, in order to control the continuity of this property from shipment to shipment. The applicability of this procedure for use with inhibited insulating oils of more than 12 cSt at 40176;C (approximately 65 SUS at 100176;F) has not been established. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;A modification of this test method which uses the same procedure and apparatus but a higher (150176;C) bath temperature has been published as Test Method D2272.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel

ASTM D3487-00 电气装置中用矿物绝缘油标准规范

1.1 This specification covers new mineral insulating oil of petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as, transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment. 1.2 This specification is intended to define a mineral insulating oil that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existing oils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with appropriate field maintenance, and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical equipment. This specification applies only to new insulating oil as received prior to any processing.

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus

ASTM D4059-00(2010) 气相色谱法分析无机绝缘油中多氯联苯含量的标准试验方法

United States governmental regulations mandate that electrical apparatus and electrical insulating fluids containing PCB be handled and disposed of through specific procedures. The procedure to be used for a particular apparatus or quantity of insulating fluid is determined by the PCB content of the fluid. The results of this analytical technique can be useful in selecting the appropriate handling and disposal procedure. Quantification in this technique requires a peak-by-peak comparison of the chromatogram of an unknown specimen with that of standard Aroclor test specimens obtained under identical conditions. The amount of PCB producing each peak in the standard chromatogram shall be known independently. The technique described is based on data for standard chromatograms of Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 obtained using specific chromatographic column packing materials and operating conditions. Relevant chromatograms are reproduced in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 , for isothermal packed columns and in Figs. X4.1 through X4.3) for temperature programmed mega-bore capillary columns. Each peak is identified by its retention time relative to that of a standard. The types and amounts of PCB associated with each peak have been determined by mass spectroscopy and are given in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. Other chromatographic operating conditions, and in particular, other column packing materials, may give different separations. The data given in the tables should not be used if chromatograms of the standards differ significantly from those shown in the figures. The peaks in such standard chromatograms shall be independently identified and quantified. Different isomers of PCB with the same number of chlorine substituents can cause substantially different responses from EC detectors. Mixtures of PCB containing the same amount of PCB, but with a different ratio of isomers, can give quite different chromatograms. This technique is effective only when the standard PCB mixtures and those found in the unknown test specimen are closely related. Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 are adequate standards because they have been found to be the most common PCB contaminant in electrical insulating oils.1.1 This test method describes a quantitative determination of the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in electrical insulating liquids by gas chromatography. It also applies to the determination of PCB present in mixtures known as askarels, used as electrical insulating liquids. 1.2 The PCB mixtures known as Aroclors were used in the formulation of the PCB-containing askarels manufactured in the United States. This test method may be applied to the determination of PCBs in insulating liquids contaminated by either individual Aroclors or mixtures of Aroclors. This technique may not be applicable to the determination of PCBs from other sources of contamination. 1.3 The precision and bias of this test method have been established only for PCB concentrations in electrical insulating mineral oils and silicones. The use of this test method has not been demonstrated for all insulating fluids. Some insulating liquids, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, interfere with the detection of PCBs and cannot be tested without pretreatment. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D3300-00(2006) 在脉冲条件下石油成因的绝缘油的电介质击穿电压的标准试验方法

This test method is most commonly performed using a negative polarity point opposing a grounded sphere (NPS). The NPS breakdown voltage of fresh unused oils measured in the highly divergent field in this configuration depends on oil composition, decreasing with increasing concentration of aromatic, particularly polyaromatic, hydrocarbon molecules. This test method may be used to evaluate the continuity of composition of an oil from shipment to shipment. The NPS impulse breakdown voltage of an oil can also be substantially lowered by contact with materials of construction, by service aging, and by other impurities. Test results lower than those expected for a given fresh oil may also indicate use or contamination of that oil. Although polarity of the voltage wave has little or no effect on the breakdown strength of an oil in uniform fields, polarity does have a marked effect on the breakdown voltage of an oil in nonuniform electric fields. Transient voltages may also vary over a wide range in both the time to reach crest value and the time to decay to half crest or to zero magnitude. The IEEE standard lightning impulse test (see 2.2) specifies a 1.2 by 50-μs negative polarity wave. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating oils in a highly divergent field under impulse conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions

ASTM D3487-00(2006) 电气装置中用矿物绝缘油标准规范

1.1 This specification covers new mineral insulating oil of petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit breakers, switchgear, and attendant equipment.1.2 This specification is intended to define a mineral insulating oil that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existing oils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with appropriate field maintenance, and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristics in its application in electrical equipment. This specification applies only to new insulating oil as received prior to any processing.

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus

SH/T 0304-1999 电气绝缘油腐蚀性硫试验法

Electrical insulating oils.Detection of corrosive sulfur