E38 绝缘油 标准查询与下载

BS EN 60970:2007 绝缘液体.粒子计数和大小测定的方法

This standard describes the sampling procedures and methods for the determination of particle concentration and size distribution. Three methods are specified. One uses an automatic particle size analyser, working on the light interruption principle. The other two use an optical microscope, in either the transmitted light or incident light mode, to count particles collected on the surface of a membrane filter. The optical microscope methods are described in ISO 4407. All three methods are applicable to both used and unused insulating liquids. Annex A contains an alternative sampling procedure using a syringe and Annex B reports a reference for the calibration of automatic particle counters. NOTE 1 The methods are not intended to measure particulate matter in liquids containing sludge. While analysing solid content on oils containing sludge refers to method for sediment and sludge determination in IEC 60422, Annex C. NOTE 2 The methods specified are only applicable to measurements related to a limited range of size and number.

Insulating liquids - Methods for counting and sizing particles

BS EN 62021-2:2007 绝缘液体.酸度的测定.比色滴定法

This part of IEC 62021 describes a procedure for determination of the acidity of unused and used electrical mineral insulating oils. NOTE 1 In unused and used mineral insulating oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic acids, phenolic compounds, some oxidation products, resins, organometallic salts and additives. The method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in a mineral insulating oil during use under oxidizing conditions that may or may not be shown by other properties of the resulting mineral oil. The acidity can be used in the quality control of unused mineral oil. As a variety of oxidation products present in used mineral oil contribute to acidity and these products vary widely in their corrosion properties, the test cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of a mineral oil under service conditions. NOTE 2 The acidity results obtained by this test method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by potentiometric methods, but they are generally of the same magnitude. The potentiometric method uses an endpoint at pH 11,3 to ensure titration of all species, whereas the colourimetric methods uses an indicator changing colour at approximately pH 9,5. This may lead to slightly higher results for oils with acidities above 0,3 mg KOH/g oil when using the potentiometric method.

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Colourimetric titration

SH/T 0802-2007 绝缘油中2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚测定法

1.1 本标准规定了新的矿物绝缘油中特定抗氧剂 2,6 一二叔丁基对甲酚（DBPC）含量的测定方法。 1.2 本标准是采用添加剂分子振动的特征红外吸收波长来测定其在油中的含量。即通过与基础油的红外光谱图对比确定 2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的含量。如果无基础油参比，可测定存在的总酚。但测定的总精度可能会明显降低，检测极限也会相应增大。 1.3 本标准适用于 DBPC 浓度范围 0.02%（质量分数）～0.90%（质量分数）。

Determination of 2,6-bi-tert-butyl-paracresol in insulating oils

SH/T 0803-2007 绝缘油中多氯联苯污染物的测定 毛细管气相色谱法

1.1 本标准规定了非卤化绝缘油中多氯联苯含量的测定方法，使用带电子捕获检测器（ECD）的高分辨率毛细管气相色谱仪进行测定。 1.2 本标准适用于绝缘油中多氯联苯（以下简称 PCB）总含量的测定，尤其适用于 PCB 同系物的详尽分析。当不要求做同系物详尽分析时，也可使用其他方法，如 IEC60997 1.3 本标准适用于未使用的、再生的（包括脱氯的、经化学 / 物理处理的）以及使用过的绝缘油中 PCB 的测定。 1.4 本标准的应用可能涉及某些有危险性的材料、操作和设备，但并未对与此有关的所有安全问题都提出建议，用户在使用本标准前有责任制定相应的安全和保护措施并明确其受限制的适用范围。

Insulating liquids- Contamination by polycblorinated biphenyls (PCBs)- Method of determination by capillary column gas chromatography

SH/T 0792-2007 电器绝缘油中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和2,6-二叔丁基苯酚含量测定法(红外吸收光谱法)

1.1 本标准适用于测定新的或使用过的电器绝缘油中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和2,6-二叔丁基苯酚的含量，方法测定其在红外光谱中特定波长处的吸收 , 测定含量不大于 0.5%（质量分数）。 1.2 本标准涉及某些有危险性的材料、操作和设备，但并未对与此有关的所有安全问题都提出建议。因此，用户在使用本标准之前有必要建立适当的安全和防护措施，并确定相应的管理制度。

Standard test method for 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol in electrical insulating oil by infrared absorption

SH/T 0804-2007 电气绝缘油腐蚀性硫试验银片试验法

1.1 本标准规定了检测绝缘油中影响电气设备运行的腐蚀性硫的试验方法。 1.2 本标准适用于电力设备用矿物绝缘油。

Detection of corrosive sulfur of insulating oils- Silver strip test

ANSI/IEEE C57.106:2006 设备中绝缘油的检验和维护用指南

Recommendation regarding oil tests and evaluation procedures are made in this guide; references are made to methods of reconditioning and reclaiming conventional petroleum (mineral) dielectric insulating oils; the levels at which these methods become necessary; and the routines for restoring oxidation resistance, where required, by the addition of oxidation inhibitors. The intent is to assist the power equipment operator in evaluating the serviceability of oil received in equipment, oil as received from the supplier for filling new equipment at the installation site, and oil as processed into such equipment; and to assist the operator in maintaining oil in serviceable condition.

Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment

IEC 62021-2:2007 绝缘油.酸性的测定.第2部分:比色滴定法

This part of IEC 62021 describes a procedure for determination of the acidity of unused and used electrical mineral insulating oils. NOTE 1 In unused and used mineral insulating oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic acids, phenolic compounds, some oxidation products, resins, organometallic salts and additives. The method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in a mineral insulating oil during use under oxidizing conditions that may or may not be shown by other properties of the resulting mineral oil. The acidity can be used in the quality control of unused mineral oil. As a variety of oxidation products present in used mineral oil contribute to acidity and these products vary widely in their corrosion properties, the test cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of a mineral oil under service conditions. NOTE 2 The acidity results obtained by this test method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by potentiometric methods, but they are generally of the same magnitude. The potentiometric method uses an endpoint at pH 11,3 to ensure titration of all species, whereas the colourimetric methods uses an indicator changing colour at approximately pH 9,5. This may lead to slightly higher results for oils with acidities above 0,3 mg KOH/g oil when using the potentiometric method.

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Part 2 Colourimetric titration

IEC TR 61946:2007 矿物绝缘油.石蜡/环烷的自然特性.低温差分扫描量热测量(DSC)试验方法

This technical report offers a test method for the classification of mineral insulating oils as either paraffinic or naphthenic, by means of low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For the purpose of this technical report, the typical operating temperature range extends from -100 °C to +100 °C. The temperature range can be extended, depending upon the instrumentation used. The method is applicable to mineral insulating oils obtained from petroleum crudes. It may be also applied to mineral oils containing pour point depressants, as these additives do not prevent the formation of paraffin crystals but only the growing of such micro-crystals.

Mineral insulating oils - Characterization of paraffinic/naphthenic nature - Low temperature differential scanning calometry (DSC) test method

ASTM D923-07 电绝缘液体抽样的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices cover sampling of new electrical insulating liquids including oils, askarels, silicones, synthetic liquids, and natural ester insulating liquids as well as those insulating liquids in service or subsequent to service in cables, transformers, circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus. These practices apply to liquids having a viscosity of less than 6.476 10-4 m2/s (540 cSt) at 40176;C (104176;F).1.2 Representative samples of electrical insulating liquids are taken for test specimens so that the quality pertinent to their use may be determined. The quality in different portions of a given container, or the average quality of the whole bulk may be ascertained if desired.1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard where applicable. Inch pound units are used where there is no SI equivalent.1.4 These practices also include special techniques and devices for sampling for dissolved gases-in-oil (DGA) (D 3612), water (D 1533) and particles (D 6786).1.5 For ease of use, this document has been indexed as follows:1.6 Handle askarels containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) according to federal and local regulations existing for that country. For example, the federal regulations concerning PCBs in the United States can be found in 40 CFR Part 761.1.7 Properly contain, package and dispose of any liquid or material resulting from the use of these practices in a manner that is in accordance with local and state regulations specific to the country in which the samples are taken.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 1.6, 1.7, Section 5, 10.1, 13.2, 15.2.3, Section 16, and 18.2. These practices involve close contact with the electrical insulating liquids being sampled as well as liquids and other materials used to clean the sampling tools and devices. When required, or as a matter of diligence to personal safety, use personal protective equipment (PPE).

Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids

ASTM D2144-07 用红外线吸收法对电气绝缘油检验的标准实施规程

The infrared spectrum of an electrical insulating oil is a record of the absorption of infrared energy over a range of wavelengths. The spectrum indicates the general chemical composition of the test specimen. Note 28212;The infrared spectrum of a pure chemical compound is probably the most characteristic property of that compound. However, in the case of oils, multicomponent systems are being examined whose spectra are the sum total of all the spectra of the individual components. Because the absorption bands of the components may overlap, the spectrum of the oil is not as sharply defined as that for a single compound. For these reasons, these practices may not in every case be suitable for the quantitative estimation of the components of such a complex mixture as mineral oil.1.1 These practices are to be used for the recording and interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insulating oils from 4000 to 400 cm-1 (2.5 to 25 956;m). Note 1 - While these practices are specific to ratio recording or optical null double-beam dispersive spectrophotometers, single-beam and HATR (horizontal attenuated total reflectance), Fourier-transform rapid scan infrared spectrophotometers may also be used. By computerized subtraction techniques, ratio methods can be used. Any of these types of equipment may be suitable if they comply with the specifications described in Practice E 932.1.2 Two practices are covered, a Reference Standard Practice and a Differential Practice.1.3 These practices are designed primarily for use as rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a supplier by comparing its spectrum with that obtained from previous shipments, or with the sample on which approval tests were made. They also may be used for the detection of certain types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the unknown and known oils. The practices are not intended for the determination of the various constituents of an oil.1.4 Warning-Infrared absorption is a tool of high resolving power. Conclusions as to continuity of oil quality should not be drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for example.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption

ASTM D2668-07 用红外线吸收法测定电绝缘油中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和2,6-二叔丁基对苯酚的标准试验方法

The quantitative determination of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol in a new electrical insulating oil measures the amount of this material that has been added to the oil as protection against oxidation. In a used oil it measures the amount remaining after oxidation has reduced its concentration. The test is also suitable for manufacturing control and specification acceptance. When an infrared spectrum is obtained of an electrical insulating oil inhibited with either of these compounds there is an increase in absorbance of the spectrum at several wavelengths (or wavenumbers). 2,6 ditertiary-butyl paracresol produces pronounced increases in absorbance at 2.72 μm (3650 cm−1), and 11.63 μm (860 cm−1). 2,6 ditertiary-butyl phenol produces pronounced increases in absorbance at 2.72 μm (3650 cm−1) and 13.42 μm (745 cm−1). When making this test on other than a highly oxidized oil or when using a double-beam spectrophotometer, it has been found convenient to obtain the spectrum between 2.5 μm (4000 cm−1) and 2.9 μm (3450 cm−1) because the instrument is compensated for the presence of moisture and the band is not influenced by intermolecular forces (associations). However, when testing a highly oxidized oil or when using a single-beam instrument better results may be obtained if the scan is made between 10.90 μm (918 cm−1) and 14.00 μm (714 cm−1). Increased absorption at 11.63 μm (860 cm−1) or 13.42 μm (745 cm−1) or both, will identify the inhibitor as 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol or 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol respectively (Note 1). Note 18212;The absorbance at 745 cm−1 for 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol and at 860 cm−1 for 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol for equal concentrations will be in the approximate ratio of 2.6 to 1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weight percent of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol (DBPC) and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol (DBP) in new or used electrical insulating oil in concentrations up to 0.5 % by measuring its absorbance at the specified wavelengths in the infrared spectrum. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorption

DL/T 1031-2006 运行中发电机用油质量标准

本标准规定了发电机用油质量标准、常规检验项目、检验周期。 本标准适用于运行中发电机用油。对于制造厂有特殊要求的油品检测项目，可参照制造厂提供的运行中发电机用油质量标准执行。

Quality standard of generator oils in service

SN/T 1792-2006 电气绝缘油中多氯联笨含量的测定.气相色谱法

1.1 本标准规定了电绝缘液中多氯联笨(PCBs)含量的气相色谱测定方法。本标准还适用于askarels电绝缘液混合物中PCB的测定。 1.2 Aroclors是PCB混合物，被用于含PCB的电绝缘液中。本标准可用于测定被单一Aroclor或Aroclors混合物污染的电绝缘液中的PCBs，但不能用于检测来自其他污染源的PCBs。 1.3 本标准仅对电绝缘矿物油和硅油中的PCB浓度测定建立了精密度和偏差。本标准并不适用于所有的电绝缘液，如含卤化烃之类的电绝缘液体，会干扰PCB的检测，因此在没有进行预处理前不能采用本标准。

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical insulating oil.Gas chromatography

NF C27-222:2006 电气设备中的矿物绝缘油.监督和维护指南

Mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment - Supervision and maintenance guidance.

DIN EN 60836:2006 电工用未用硅绝缘液体的规范(IEC 60836-2005).德文版本EN 60836-2005

Specifications for unused silicone insulating liquids for electrotechnical purposes (IEC 60836:2005); German version EN 60836:2005

ASTM D1275-06 电绝缘油中腐蚀性硫的标准测试方法

In most of their uses, insulating oils are continually in contact with metals that are subject to corrosion. The presence of corrosive sulfur compounds will result in deterioration of these metals. The extent of deterioration is dependent upon the quantity and type of corrosive agent and time and temperature factors. Detection of these undesirable impurities, even though not in terms of quantitative values, is a means for recognizing the hazard involved. 1.1 This test method describes the detection of corrosive sulfur compounds (both inorganic and organic) in electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin.1.2 New and in-service mineral insulating oils may contain substances that cause corrosion under certain conditions of use. This test method is designed to detect the presence of, or the propensity to form, free (elemental) sulfur and corrosive sulfur compounds by subjecting copper to contact with oil under prescribed conditions.1.3 Two methods (A and B) have been introduced where historically there has only been one. Method A is the one that has been in place since 1953. Method B is more rigorous and the preferred method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are included for informational purposes.This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insulating Oils

ASTM D2864-06 电绝缘液体和气体的相关标准术语

Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases

IEEE Std C57.106-2006 设备用绝缘油的验收和维护

Recommendation regarding oil tests and evaluation procedures are made in this guide; references are made to methods of reconditioning and reclaiming conventional petroleum (mineral) dielectric insulating oils; the levels at which these methods become necessary; and the routines for restoring oxidation resistance, where required, by the addition of oxidation inhibitors. The intent is to assist the power equipment operator in evaluating the serviceability of oil received in equipment, oil as received from the supplier for filling new equipment at the installation site, and oil as processed into such equipment; and to assist the operator in maintaining oil in serviceable condition.

Acceptance and maintenance of insulating oil in equipment

NF C27-131:2005 电工用未用硅绝缘液体的规范

Specifications for unused silicone insulating liquids for electrotechnical purposes.