75.040 原油 标准查询与下载

GB/T 2538-1988 原油试验法

本标准规定了原油的取样、脱水、密度、运动粘度、流动性、残炭、水分、硫含量、馏程、灰分、盐含量、水和沉淀物以及酸值等项目的试验方法。 本标准适用于原油。

Crude oils--Test methods

GB/T 8929-1988 原油水含量测定法(蒸馏法)

Grude oil--Determination of water--Distillation method

GB/T 6533-1986 原油中水和沉淀物测定法(离心法)

本标准是用离心分离方法测定原油中的水和沉淀物。这种方法测得的原油中水含量一般低于实际的水含量。当测定精度要求较高时，水分测定必须使用GB 260《石油产品水分测定法（蒸馏法）》，沉淀物测定必须使用GB 6531《原油和燃料油中沉淀物测定法（抽提法）》。

Crude petroleum--Determination of water and sediment--Centrifuge method

GB 6532-1986 原油及其产品的盐含量测定法

Crude petroleum and products-Deter mi nation of salt content

GB/T 6532-1986 原油及其产品的盐含量测定法

本方法适用于测定原油、拔顶原油、裂化渣油和燃料油中浓度为0.002～0.02％（重量）的卤化物总量。本方法也可用于判断用过的汽轮机油和船用燃料油被海水污染的情况。

Crude petroleum and products--Determination of salt content

GB 6533-1986 原油中水和沉淀物测定法 (离心法)

Crude petroleum－Determination of water and sadiment－Centrifuge method

GB/T 6531-1986 原油和燃料油中沉淀物测定法(抽提法)

本方法适用于用甲苯抽提来测定原油和燃料油中的沉淀物含量。

Crude petroleum and fuel oils--Determination of sediment--Extraction method

GB 510-1983 石油产品凝点测定法

Petroleum products--Determination of solidification point

ASTM G205-23 测定原油乳化特性、润湿特性和腐蚀抑制特性的标准指南

Standard Guide for Determining Emulsion Properties, Wetting Behavior, and Corrosion-Inhibitory Properties of Crude Oils

ASTM D8252-23 用X射线光谱法测定原油和渣油中钒和镍的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

ASTM D2892-23 原油蒸馏的标准试验方法（15理论板柱）

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D7829-23 原油中沉淀物和水分测定的标准指南

Standard Guide for Sediment and Water Determination in Crude Oil

GSO ASTM D6560:2023 测定原油和石油产品中沥青质（庚烷不溶物）的标准试验方法

  Scope is not provided for this standard

Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products

GSO ASTM D1298:2023 用比重计法测定原油和液态石油产品的密度、相对密度或 API 比重的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables. 1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncor-rected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expan-sion effect, alternative calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density measurements. 1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternative reference temperatures by means of Interconver-sion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable. 1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the labo-ratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the initial hydrometer reading with observations and results re-ported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination). 1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify-ing the equipment for this test method. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are pro-vided for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

ASTM D7691-23 用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）对原油进行多元素分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of several elements (including iron, nickel, sulfur, and vanadium) occurring in crude oils. 1.2 For analysis of any element using wavelengths below 190 nm, a vacuum or inert gas optical path is required. 1.3 Analysis for elements such as arsenic, selenium, or sulfur in whole crude oil may be difficult by this test method due to the presence of their volatile compounds of these elements in crude oil; but this test method should work for resid samples. 1.4 Because of the particulates present in crude oil samples, if they do not dissolve in the organic solvents used or if they do not get aspirated in the nebulizer, low elemental values may result, particularly for iron and sodium. This can also occur if the elements are associated with water which can drop out of the solution when diluted with solvent. 1.4.1 An alternative in such cases is using Test Method D5708, Procedure B, which involves wet decomposition of the oil sample and measurement by ICP-AES for nickel, vanadium, and iron, or Test Method D5863, Procedure A, which also uses wet acid decomposition and determines vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium using atomic absorption spectrometry. 1.4.2 From ASTM Interlaboratory Crosscheck Programs (ILCP) on crude oils data available so far, it is not clear that organic solvent dilution techniques would necessarily give lower results than those obtained using acid decomposition techniques.2 1.4.3 It is also possible that, particularly in the case of silicon, low results may be obtained irrespective of whether organic dilution or acid decomposition is utilized. Silicones are present as oil field additives and can be lost in ashing. Silicates should be retained but unless hydrofluoric acid or alkali fusion is used for sample dissolution, they may not be accounted for. 1.5 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine insoluble particulates. Analytical results are particle size dependent and low results may be obtained for particles larger than a few micrometers. 1.6 The precision in Section 18 defines the concentration ranges covered in the interlaboratory study. However, lower and particularly higher concentrations can be determined by this test method. The low concentration limits are dependent on the sensitivity of the ICP instrument and the dilution factor used. The high concentration limits are determined by the product of the maximum concentration defined by the calibration curve and the sample dilution factor. 1.7 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions and with no degradation of precision. 1.8 As a generality based on this interlaboratory study (see 18.1), the trace elements identifiable in crude oils can be divided into three categories: 1.8.1 Element levels that are too low for valid detection by ICP-AES and hence, cannot be determined: aluminum, barium, lead, magnesium, manganese, and silicon. 1.8.2 Elements that are just at the detection levels of the ICP-AES method and hence, cannot be determined with a great deal of confidence: boron, calcium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc. Perhaps the determination of these elements can be considered as semi-quantitative. 1.8.3 Elements that are at higher levels of concentration and can be determined with good precision: iron, nickel, sulfur, and vanadium. 1.9 The detection limits for elements not determined by this test method follow. This information should serve as an indication as to what elements are not present above the detection limits typically obtainable by ICP-AES instruments. 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published June 2023. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7961 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7691-23. 2 Nadkarni, R. A., Hwang, J. D., and Young, L., “Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry,” J. ASTM International, Vol 8, No. 10, 2011, pp. 103837. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 1 Element mg/kg Aluminum 1 Barium 0.2 Boron 1 Calcium 0.1 Chromium 0.1 Copper 0.1 Lead 1.4 Magnesium 1 Manganese 0.1 Molybdenum 0.2 Phosphorous 1 Potassium 0.5 Silicon 4 Zinc 0.5 1.10 This test method determines all possible elements simultaneously and is a simpler alternative to Test Methods D5184, D5708, or D5863. 1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Multielement Analysis of Crude Oils Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

ASTM D7157-23 测定含沥青质残留物、重质燃料油和原油内在稳定性的标准试验方法（n-庚烷相分离；光学检测）

1.1 This test method covers procedures for quantifying the intrinsic stability of the asphaltenes in an oil by automatic instruments using optical detection. 1.2 This test method is applicable to residual products from thermal and hydrocracking processes, to products typical of Specifications D396 Grades No. 5L, 5H, and 6, and D2880 Grades No. 3-GT and 4-GT, and to crude oils, providing these products contain 0.5 % by mass or greater concentration of asphaltenes (see Test Method D6560). 1.3 This test method quantifies asphaltene stability in terms of state of peptization of the asphaltenes (S-value), intrinsic stability of the oily medium (So) and the solvency requirements of the peptized asphaltenes (Sa). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Intrinsic Stability of Asphaltene-Containing Residues, Heavy Fuel Oils, and Crude Oils (n-Heptane Phase Separation; Optical Detectio

ASTM D8045-17(2023) 用催化温度计滴定法测定原油和石油产品酸值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of acidic components in crude oil and petroleum products including waxes, bitumen, base stocks, and asphalts that are soluble in mixtures of xylenes and propan-2-ol. It is applicable for the determination of acids whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10–9 ; extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10–9 do not interfere. The values obtained by this test method may not be numerically equivalent to other acid value measurements. The range of KOH acid numbers included in the precision statement is 0.1 mg ⁄g to 16 mg ⁄g. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Safety Precautions. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products by Catalytic Thermometric Titration

ASTM D5863-22 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定原油和残余燃料中镍、钒、铁和钠的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented. 1.2 Procedure A, Sections 8–14—Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe. 1.3 Procedure B, Sections 15–20—Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oilsoluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. Hence, this test method may underestimate the metal content, especially sodium, present as inorganic sodium salts. 1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 1. 1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, unless specifically stated. Other units that appear in this standard are included for information purposes only or because they are in embedded pictures that cannot be edited. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 8.1, 9.2, 9.5, 11.2, 11.4, and 16.1. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM D4310-22a 测定抑制矿物油的沉降和腐蚀倾向的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers and is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. NOTE 1—During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available (see Section 16). 1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D8003-22 用气相色谱法测定活原油和凝析油中轻烃和临界点间隔的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of light hydrocarbons and cut point intervals by gas chromatography in live crude oils and condensates with VPCR4 (see Note 1) up to 500 kPa at 37.8 °C. NOTE 1—As described in Test Method D6377. 1.2 Methane (C1) to hexane (nC6) and benzene are speciated and quantitated. Samples containing mass fractions of up to 0.5 % methane, 2.0 % ethane, 10 % propane, or 15 % isobutane may be analyzed. A mass fraction with a lower limit of 0.001 % exists for these compounds. 1.3 This test method may be used for the determination of cut point carbon fraction intervals (see 3.2.1) of live crude oils and condensates from initial boiling point (IBP) to 391 °C (nC24). The nC24 plus fraction is reported. 1.4 Dead oils or condensates sampled in accordance with 12.1 may also be analyzed. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as tubing size. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons and Cut Point Intervals in Live Crude Oils and Condensates by Gas Chromatography