同步加速器简介
同步加速器是做蛋白质晶体 X-ray 衍射必不可少的大型设施。
同步加速器是一種環形的粒子加速器，使用磁場（讓帶電粒子在運行中可以改變方向）及電場（加速帶電粒子）與運行中的帶電粒子束同步化操作。粒子迴旋加速器使用均勻的磁場及固定頻率變化的電場加速帶電粒子，如果改變其中一項則為同步粒子迴旋加速器，兩者都改變則為同步加速器。藉著改變參數使帶電粒子獲得能量，同步加速器中的粒子束具有固定軌道，在抽真空的環境中（儲存環）不斷的運行。同步加速器中的儲存環包含了直線段與彎曲的部分，前後相連在一起。因此在結構上和粒子迴旋加速器有很大的不同。而儲存環中彎曲的部分會有許多磁鐵設施使粒子束改變運行方向；直線段的部分則設置高頻共振腔使用高能量的微波提供粒子加速所需的電場。
粒子在粒子迴旋加速器中，從中心以螺旋軌道運行到腔壁時，粒子迴旋加速器的最大半徑限制了粒子最後所獲得的全部能量。另一方面若以增加磁場強度的方式來提高加速能量，也有其極限。所以有同步加速器的出現。
同步加速器可以克服粒子迴旋加速器所遇到的問題，可以使用一個較小的管子來傳送粒子束，管子旁可裝設許多聚焦用的磁鐵或其他設施。
Armenia
Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission (CANDLE), Yerevan (proposed) [1]
[edit] Australia
Australian Synchrotron (AS), Melbourne, Victoria, [2] (under construction)
[edit] Brazil
Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), Campinas
[edit] Canada
Canadian Light Source (CLS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
[edit] China (PRC)
Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology China, Hefei
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai (under construction)
[edit] Denmark
Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA, ASTRID), University of Aarhus, Aarhus, [3]
[edit] France
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble
Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique (LURE), Orsay (decommissioned)
Soleil, Saint-Aubin
[edit] Germany
ANKA, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, [4]
Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Berlin, [5]
Dortmund Electron Test Accelerator (DELTA), Dortmund University, Dortmund, [6]
ELBE, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Dresden, [7]
Electron Stretcher Accelerator (ELSA), University of Bonn, Bonn, [8]
Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLA
, at DESY, Hamburg, [9]
[edit] India
INDUS, Center for Advanced Technology, Indore
[edit] Italy
DAFNE Light, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Frascati, [10]
ELETTRA Synchtrotron Light Source, Trieste, [11]
[edit] Japan
Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center (HSRC), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima
Instute of Free Electron Laser (iFEL), Osaka University, Osaka
IR FEL Research Center (FEL-SUT), Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, [12]
Medical Synchrotron Radiation Facility, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba
Nagoya University Small Synchrotron Radiation Facility (NSSR), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, [13]
Photon Factory (PF) at KEK, Tsukuba
Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki
Saga Light Source (SAGA-LS), Tosu, Saga, [14]
Super Photon Ring - 8 GeV (SPring-8), Nishi-Harima
Ultraviolet Synchrotron Orbital Radiation Facility (UVSOR), Okazaki, [15]
VSX Light Source, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, [16]
[edit] Jordan
Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, [17]
[edit] Netherlands
Free Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments (FELIX), FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics, Nieuwegein
[edit] Russia
Dubna Electron Synchrotron (DELSY), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna near Moscow, [18]
Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source (SIBIR-1, SIBIR-2), Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, [19]
Siberian Synchrotron Radiation Centre (SSRC), Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, [20]
U70 synchrotron Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino near Moscow, [21]
TNK F.V Lukin Institute, Zelenograd near Moscow, [22]
[edit] Singapore
Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, [23]
[edit] South Korea
Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, [24]
[edit] Spain
ALBA, Barcelona, [25]
[edit] Sweden
MAX-lab, Lund University, Lund, [26]
[edit] Switzerland
Swiss Light Source (SLS), Villigen, [27]
[edit] Taiwan
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu, [28]
[edit] Thailand
National Synchrotron Research Center (NSRC), Nakhon Ratchasima, [29]
[edit] United Kingdom
Diamond Light Source, Didcot
Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS), Daresbury, [30]
[edit] United States
Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
UCSB Center for Terahertz Science and Technology (CTST), University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, [31]
Duke Free Electron Laser Laboratory (DFELL), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
Jefferson Laboratory Free Electron Laser (Jlab), Jefferson Laboratory, Newport News, Virginia, [32]
National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Stoughton, Wisconsin
Stanford Picosecond FEL Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California, [33]
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California
Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
W. M. Keck Vanderbilt Free-electron Laser Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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