α1-抗胰蛋白酶介绍
1、缩写词
AAT 或 A1AT
2、定义
α1-抗胰蛋白酶（Alpha-1 antitrypsin,AAT 或 A1AT）是测定AAT 或 A1AT在你血清中的含量。
3、如何完成这个实验
从静脉抽血，常常从肘内侧或手背部。穿刺部位用抗菌剂清洁。弹性带放到上臂的上部增加压力，引起静脉的充盈。Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic. An elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and cause the vein to swell with blood.
穿刺针插入静脉，血液收集到密闭的采血管或注射器。采血过程中松开采血带以恢复血流。完成采血后拔出穿刺针，覆盖穿刺部位以阻止任何出血。A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
在婴儿或幼儿，穿刺部位消毒后用带刻度的锋针或刺血针穿刺，血液收集到移液管（或小的玻璃管）、载玻片、试验带、或小容器，穿刺部位如有任何出血可用绷带包扎。In infants or young children, the area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. A bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any bleeding.
4、如何准备这个实验
没有特殊准备。
5、抽血过程的感觉
当穿刺针插入时，你会有中等程度的疼痛，或仅有刺或螫的感觉，然后就是有些搏动的感觉。
6、为什么做这个实验
这个实验有助于鉴别一种少见的成人肺气肿和一种少见的儿童肝硬化。在缺乏A1AT时，白细胞释放的某些消化酶不能被抑制，引起肺和肝的广泛损伤。This test is helpful in identifying a rare form of emphysema in adults and a rare form of cirrhosis in children. In the absence of A1AT, certain digestive enzymes released by white blood cells may go unchecked and cause widespread damage in the lungs and liver.
每个人都有两个产生A1AT的基因，大部分病人有一个正常的基因和一个异常的基因。这些人A1AT水平都比正常人低。还没发现两个异常基因和更严重的疾病。
7、异常结果的意义
低于正常水平的A1AT可能与下列疾病有关：
肝硬化
肺气肿或慢性阻塞性肺病
肝脏肿瘤
阻塞性黄疸
门静脉高血压
8、风险
过量流血
晕厥或感觉头昏眼花(晕针)
血肿（皮下血肿）
静脉重复穿刺
9、提示
人与人之间的静脉和动脉大小变异很大，身体两侧的静脉和动脉也有不同。有些人的样本采集可能比另外一些人更困难.Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than others.
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科技前沿
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焦点事件
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焦点事件
