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新发现大脑中能影响心血管功能的新型神经细胞

2021.9.03

　在瑞典卡罗琳斯卡医学院的科学家们，在德国和荷兰科学家的协助下，发现了一种以前在大脑中未知的神经细胞。这种神经细胞具有调节心血管的功能，如心脏节律和血压。人们希望这项发现将在长期的心血管疾病治疗在人类起到重要作用，文章发表于《临床研究杂志》

　　科学家们已经成功地识别在老鼠之前完全未知的群大脑的神经细胞。这些神经细胞,也称为“神经元”,在大脑形成借助甲状腺激素,是产生于甲状腺。他干扰甲状腺功能正常运作,因此，是干扰产生过多或过少的甲状腺激素,所以，这些神经细胞是甲状腺激素发生的根源。这反过来又影响心脏的功能,导致心血管疾病。众所周知,治疗甲状腺机能亢进患者(太高生产的甲状腺激素)或甲状腺功能减退(太低生产的甲状腺激素)常常患上心脏病。它曾被认为这纯粹是由于荷尔蒙直接影响心脏。然而,这项新的研究显示甲状腺激素通过新发现的神经元也间接影响心脏。“这一发现打开了一个全新的抗击心血管疾病的方式可能性”,卡罗林斯卡医学院细胞和分子生物学部门的组长MittagJens说，“如果我们掌握如何控制这些神经元,我们将能够通过大脑治疗心血管疾病，如高血压。然而,这是仍然在遥远的未来。一个更直接的结论是,这对于识别和治疗的孕妇甲状腺功能减退至关重要的,因为他们低水平的甲状腺激素可能会损害到在怀孕期胎儿的这些神经元,这可能在长期导致心血管疾病的后代。”

神经细胞

　　A new type of nerve cell found in the brain

　　Scientists at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, in collaboration with colleagues in Germany and the Netherlands, have identified a previously unknown group of nerve cells in the brain. The nerve cells regulate cardiovascular functions such as heart rhythm and blood pressure. It is hoped that the discovery, which is published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, will be significant in the long term in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in humans.

　　The scientists have managed to identify in mice a previously totally unknown group of nerve cells in the brain. These nerve cells, also known as 'neurons', develop in the brain with the aid of thyroid hormone, which is produced in the thyroid gland. Patients in whom the function of the thyroid gland is disturbed and who therefore produce too much or too little thyroid hormone, thus risk developing problems with these nerve cells. This in turn has an effect on the function of the heart, leading to cardiovascular disease. It is well-known that patients with untreated hyperthyroidism (too high a production of thyroid hormone) or hypothyroidism (too low a production of thyroid hormone) often develop heart problems. It has previously been believed that this was solely a result of the hormone affecting the heart directly. The new study, however, shows that thyroid hormone also affects the heart indirectly, through the newly discovered neurons. "This discovery opens the possibility of a completely new way of combating cardiovascular disease", says Jens Mittag, group leader at the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology at Karolinska Institutet. "If we learn how to control these neurons, we will be able to treat certain cardiovascular problems like hypertension through the brain. This is, however, still far in the future. A more immediate conclusion is that it is of utmost importance to identify and treat pregnant women with hypothyroidism, since their low level of thyroid hormone may harm the production of these neurons in the foetus, and this may in the long run cause cardiovascular disorders in the offspring." More information: 'Thyroid hormone is required for hypothalamic neurons regulating cardiovascular functions', Jens Mittag, David J. Lyons, Johan S?llstr?m, Milica Vujovic, Susi Dudazy-Gralla, Amy Warner, Karin Wallis, Anneke Alkemade, Kristina Nordstr?m, Hannah Monyer, Christian Broberger, Anders Arner and Bj?rn Vennstr?m, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2013;123(1), online 21 December 2012, doi:10.1172/JCI65252

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新发现大脑中能影响心血管功能的新型神经细胞

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